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Last updated 24th March 2026
Biography
Dr Sarah J Waugh was appointed Reader in Optometry and Vision Sciences at the University of Huddersfield in February 2021.
Sarah completed a Diploma in Applied Science (Optometry) from Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, winning both academic prizes. A Martin Wells Postgraduate Research Scholarship took her to the University of Melbourne to complete a Master’s of Science degree and a project about clinical assessment of accommodation, convergence and fixation disparity in symptomatic vision. Sarah then travelled and took up a PhD position at the University of Houston, where she was awarded a distinction on her doctoral qualifying exam. She conducted doctoral research on understanding psychophysical visual mechanisms of Vernier Acuity (with Dennis Levi). Sarah then became a Postdoctoral Research Fellow (NSERC) at McGill University (Ophthalmology) investigating temporal frequency discrimination in central and peripheral vision (with Robert Hess). She subsequently won an individual Australian Research Council (ARC) Postdoctoral Research Fellowship to return to the University of Melbourne (Psychology), in addition to a full ARC project grant. Sarah accepted a Lectureship in Vision Sciences at Aston University (Birmingham, UK) in 1997 and then a Readership in Vision Sciences at Anglia Ruskin University (Cambridge, UK) in 2001. Sarah’s research interests in visual processing of first- and second-order images, visual crowding, normal and anomalous visual development, binocularity and amblyopia were further developed. Sarah (with John Siderov) won a first Evelyn Trust grant for ARU to establish a clinical psychophysical testing suite and she also established unique NHS paediatric ophthalmology and visual electrophysiology services within the ARU University Eye Clinic, joint ventures between Cambridge University Addenbrooke’s Foundation Hospital and ARU. Sarah has supervised 7 PhD students to completion, 4 Postdoctoral Research Fellows and externally examined 5 PhDs nationally and internationally. She is a Vision Sciences Society (VSS) Reviewer Panel member, reviews for many international journals and granting agencies in science and vision, is a Fellow of the American Academy of Optometry and a registered Optometrist with the GOC.
Research Expertise and Interests
- Spatial Vision
- Visual Acuity
- Crowding
- Contour Interaction
- Masking
- First-Order Images
- Second-Order Images
- Luminance-Modulated Noise
- Contrast-Modulated Noise
- Amblyopia
- Children's Vision
- Paediatric Vision
- Stereopsis
- Binocular Rivalry
- Eye Movements
- Accommodation
- Colour Naming
- Colour Perception
- Lateral Interactions
- Visual acuity and visual crowding mechanisms including clinical application
- Development of vision and reading in children
- Amblyopia: earlier detection and virtual reality treatments
- Spatial aspects of colour vision and colour perception
- Eye movement and accommodation contributions to spatial vision
- Binocular rivalry, stereopsis and first-order and second-order images
Expertise related to UN Sustainable Development Goals
In 2015, UN member states agreed to 17 global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. This person’s work contributes towards the following SDG(s):
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SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
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Collaborations and top research areas from the last five years
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Impact of blur on clinical and occupational colour vision test results
Álvaro, L., Formankiewicz, M. A. & Waugh, S. J., 1 Sept 2024, In: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 44, 6, p. 1058-1071 14 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open Access -
Landolt C-Tests With "Fixed" Arcmin Separations Detect Amblyopia But Underestimate Crowding in Moderate-to-Severe Amblyopic Children and Adults
Waugh, S. J. & Fronius, M., 1 Aug 2024, In: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 65, 10, 12 p., 33.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open Access3 Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus) -
Coloured filters can simulate colour deficiency in normal vision but cannot compensate for congenital colour vision deficiency
Álvaro, L., Linhares, J. M. M., Formankiewicz, M. A. & Waugh, S. J., 1 Dec 2022, In: Scientific Reports. 12, 1, 19 p., 11140.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open Access10 Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus) -
Crowding distance beats acuity and crowded acuity in detecting strabismic amblyopia
Waugh, S., Haine, L. A., Formankiewicz, M. A. & Pelli, D. G., 1 Dec 2022, In: Journal of Vision. 22, 14, 1 p., 4370.Research output: Contribution to journal › Meeting Abstract › peer-review
Open Access -
Contrast-modulated stimuli produce more superimposition and predominate perception when competing with comparable luminance-modulated stimuli during interocular grouping
Skerswetat, J., Formankiewicz, M. A. & Waugh, S. J., 1 Dec 2020, In: Scientific Reports. 10, 1, 15 p., 13409.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open Access3 Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)
Activities
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Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Grant Reviewer
Waugh, S. (Participant)
2020 → …Activity: Other activity types › Grant peer-review
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The true development of crowding in normal children: implications for clinicians
Waugh, S. (Invited speaker)
27 Nov 2019Activity: Talk or presentation types › Invited talk
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Geneva Amblyopia Workshop
Waugh, S. (Participant)
5 Jun 2019 → 6 Jun 2019Activity: Participating in or organising an event types › Participating in a conference, workshop, ...
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19th Annual Scientific Meetings of the Vision Sciences Society
Waugh, S. (Member of programme committee)
May 2019 → 17 May 2019Activity: Participating in or organising an event types › Participating in a conference, workshop, ...
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