A bibliometric review of pharmacy education literature in the context of low- to middle-income countries

Objective: This review systematically identified published literature on pharmacy education in low- and middle-income countries. Specific aims were twofold: Firstly, to systematically identify and quantify published literature on pharmacy education in the context of low- and middle-income countries. Secondly, to explore and understand the major patterns of dialogue in this literature. Methods: Through bibliometric review, a cohort of publications were quantitatively analyzed to determine paper types, country context, publication by year, and journal source. Through document analysis a narrative of major themes was identified. Results: A small number of publications (n = 36) were sourced; the majority being letters to the editor, commentaries or viewpoints (80%). The Asian subcontinent (39%), the Middle East (25%) and low-income countries combined (17%) were the dominant geographic areas. There was a peak in publication during 2008 and 2009; a single journal dominated. From narrative synthesis, seven themes emerged and implications for the relevant literature, policy, practice and future research were considered. Conclusions: Aside from rhetoric, this bibliometric review demonstrates that there are few empiric publications in the area of pharmacy education in low- and middle-income countries. There is a need for a robust research agenda in order to address both gaps in the research literature; alongside the implications of the findings for educational policy and practice in this context.