A dilution procedure for producing stable nanofluids

The focus of this paper is to develop a general dilution procedure which can be used to allow for consistent dilution of nanofluids. Various methods were tested such as a slow, direct dilution (Method 1), an instantaneous addition of the required concentrated nanofluid (Method 2), testing of samples without pH control to determine the effect of pH on the stability (Method 3) and a series of stage dilutions (Method 4). A general trend was seen, and, as a concentrated nanofluid was diluted further, the average particle size increased regardless of the method used. This increase seemed to show an exponential growth as the volume concentration tended towards zero.