Accessibility challenges for older adults and people with disabilities: An urban mobility perspective in the age of smart transport technologies

In times defined by a rapid transition towards a smart technology paradigm, accessibility remains a key prerequisite for social inclusion, equity and quality of life, especially for populations with special mobility needs like older adults and people with disabilities. This study meticulously reviews the existing literature to identify barriers and opportunities related to the mobility of these vulnerable groups within urban transport systems. Using systematic, narrative, thematic and bibliometric literature review tools, the study synthesises the findings of 60 studies from various disciplines, including transport, urban planning and social sciences. The outcomes illustrate that inadequate road infrastructure, such as poorly maintained sidewalks, inaccessible public transport stops and vehicles as well as insufficient tactile and auditory aids, severely limit mobility and independence. Public transport systems often lack user-friendly design, functional support for mobility aids and adequately trained staff. Technological advances, while promising, pose a challenge in terms of compatibility and accessibility for these groups; digital literacy and ease of use are factors that cannot be ignored. Policy recommendations are proposed to address these barriers, focusing on improving infrastructure, adopting inclusive design principles and enhancing services, affordability and staff training. Also, integrating and simplifying innovative transport technologies, like Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) and digital mobility tools, to support equitable and inclusive mobility is a critical way forward. This study's findings highlight the interdisciplinary nature of transport accessibility research and the need for a holistic and universal approach to urban and transport planning. By addressing these challenges, policymakers and practitioners can significantly improve the autonomy, participation and well-being of older adults and people with disabilities, promoting a more liveable built and road environment.