Abstract
Three main goals were addressed in this research. First, we tested the claims of two cognitive mechanisms that have been proposed to explain expert performance. This was done during assessment and intervention phases of decision making. Second, we tested the validity of an online test of perceptual-cognitive skill in soccer: The Online Assessment of Strategic Skill In Soccer (OASSIS). Third, we compared the OASSIS to other predictors of skill in soccer.
Design
Over the course of a three-part experiment, participants completed an updated version of the option-generation paradigm employed by Ward, Ericsson, and Williams (2013), the OASSIS, and a battery of other cognitive tests. Performance on these tests was used to inform theory and validate the OASSIS as an applied tool for domain professionals.
Methods
NCAA Division 1 and recreational-level soccer players completed a battery of tests, both using paper/pencil (see Ward et al., 2013) and online.
Results
Support for Long Term Working Memory theory (LTWM; see Ericsson & Kintsch, 1995) was observed during both phases of decision making, though the prescriptions of the Take-The-First heuristic (see Johnson & Raab, 2003) tend to hold, particularly within intervention phase. When used to predict skill-group membership, the OASSIS accounted for more variance than domain-general tests of cognition. Furthermore, scores on the OASSIS correlated with other measures of perceptual-cognitive skill in soccer and the process-level predictions made by LTWM.
Conclusions
Updates to our theoretical understanding of expert performance are provided and the validity of the OASSIS is demonstrated.
| Language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages | 45-59 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | Psychology of Sport and Exercise |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Early online date | 15 Aug 2014 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 2015 |
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Advancing theory and application of cognitive research in sport : Using representative tasks to explain and predict skilled anticipation, decision-making, and option-generation behavior. / Belling, Patrick K.; Suss, Joel; Ward, Paul.
In: Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Vol. 16, No. 1, 01.2015, p. 45-59.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Advancing theory and application of cognitive research in sport
T2 - Psychology of Sport and Exercise
AU - Belling, Patrick K.
AU - Suss, Joel
AU - Ward, Paul
PY - 2015/1
Y1 - 2015/1
N2 - ObjectivesThree main goals were addressed in this research. First, we tested the claims of two cognitive mechanisms that have been proposed to explain expert performance. This was done during assessment and intervention phases of decision making. Second, we tested the validity of an online test of perceptual-cognitive skill in soccer: The Online Assessment of Strategic Skill In Soccer (OASSIS). Third, we compared the OASSIS to other predictors of skill in soccer.DesignOver the course of a three-part experiment, participants completed an updated version of the option-generation paradigm employed by Ward, Ericsson, and Williams (2013), the OASSIS, and a battery of other cognitive tests. Performance on these tests was used to inform theory and validate the OASSIS as an applied tool for domain professionals.MethodsNCAA Division 1 and recreational-level soccer players completed a battery of tests, both using paper/pencil (see Ward et al., 2013) and online.ResultsSupport for Long Term Working Memory theory (LTWM; see Ericsson & Kintsch, 1995) was observed during both phases of decision making, though the prescriptions of the Take-The-First heuristic (see Johnson & Raab, 2003) tend to hold, particularly within intervention phase. When used to predict skill-group membership, the OASSIS accounted for more variance than domain-general tests of cognition. Furthermore, scores on the OASSIS correlated with other measures of perceptual-cognitive skill in soccer and the process-level predictions made by LTWM.ConclusionsUpdates to our theoretical understanding of expert performance are provided and the validity of the OASSIS is demonstrated.
AB - ObjectivesThree main goals were addressed in this research. First, we tested the claims of two cognitive mechanisms that have been proposed to explain expert performance. This was done during assessment and intervention phases of decision making. Second, we tested the validity of an online test of perceptual-cognitive skill in soccer: The Online Assessment of Strategic Skill In Soccer (OASSIS). Third, we compared the OASSIS to other predictors of skill in soccer.DesignOver the course of a three-part experiment, participants completed an updated version of the option-generation paradigm employed by Ward, Ericsson, and Williams (2013), the OASSIS, and a battery of other cognitive tests. Performance on these tests was used to inform theory and validate the OASSIS as an applied tool for domain professionals.MethodsNCAA Division 1 and recreational-level soccer players completed a battery of tests, both using paper/pencil (see Ward et al., 2013) and online.ResultsSupport for Long Term Working Memory theory (LTWM; see Ericsson & Kintsch, 1995) was observed during both phases of decision making, though the prescriptions of the Take-The-First heuristic (see Johnson & Raab, 2003) tend to hold, particularly within intervention phase. When used to predict skill-group membership, the OASSIS accounted for more variance than domain-general tests of cognition. Furthermore, scores on the OASSIS correlated with other measures of perceptual-cognitive skill in soccer and the process-level predictions made by LTWM.ConclusionsUpdates to our theoretical understanding of expert performance are provided and the validity of the OASSIS is demonstrated.
KW - anticipation
KW - decision making
KW - option generation
KW - perceptual-cognitive expertise
KW - long term working memory theory
KW - take-the-first heuristic
U2 - 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.001
DO - 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.001
M3 - Article
VL - 16
SP - 45
EP - 59
JO - Psychology of Sport and Exercise
JF - Psychology of Sport and Exercise
SN - 1469-0292
IS - 1
ER -