TY - JOUR
T1 - An Eco-Friendly and Hopeful Promise Platform for Delivering Hydrophilic Wound Healing Agents in Topical Administration for Wound Disorder
T2 - Diltiazem-Loaded Niosomes
AU - Akbari, Jafar
AU - Saeedi, Majid
AU - Morteza-Semnani, Katayoun
AU - Ghasemi, Maryam
AU - Eshaghi, Malihe
AU - Eghbali, Mohammad
AU - Jafarkhani, Behrouz
AU - Rahimnia, Seyyed Mobin
AU - Negarandeh, Reza
AU - Babaei, Amirhossein
AU - Hashemi, Seyyed Mohammad Hassan
AU - Asare-Addo, Kofi
AU - Nokhodchi, Ali
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by a grant number 6810 from the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Research Council, Sari, Iran.
Funding Information:
The authors would wish to express their sincere and special appreciation to the research council of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, for their valuable and technical cooperation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/9/1
Y1 - 2023/9/1
N2 - Purposes: Calcium channel blockers, such as diltiazem (DLZ), are important drugs for wound repair treatment. This current study used an ultrasonic method to increase the cutaneous delivery of (DLZ) niosomes. Methods: The impact of the cholesterol:surfactant ratio on the DLZ-loaded niosome formulations was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, drug release, skin sensitivity, animal wound repair model, and histopathological assessment were applied to investigate the characteristics, morphology, and therapeutic effectiveness of the DLZ noisome. Results: The results showed that changes in the cholesterol:surfactant ratio can influence the zeta potential and the size of the niosome. The maximum entrapment efficiency was observed to be about 94% when the cholesterol content in the formulation was high. The DLZ release studies revealed that the niosomal formulation was released slowly over the course of 24 h. Macroscopic observations of the wound demonstrated that wound closure in the DLZ-niosome-treated group and the commercial brand was equal and higher than in the other groups (gel base, placebo gel, and negative control). Pathological studies described that the wound repair in the DLZ-niosomal gel group was greater than in the other treatment. All the preparations tested for cutaneous irritation on Wistar rats showed the DLZ niosomal gels to be non-irritating. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the prepared DLZ-niosome could be used as a possible nano-vesicle for DLZ cutaneous delivery thus potentially opening up new prospects for the treatment of wound disorders.
AB - Purposes: Calcium channel blockers, such as diltiazem (DLZ), are important drugs for wound repair treatment. This current study used an ultrasonic method to increase the cutaneous delivery of (DLZ) niosomes. Methods: The impact of the cholesterol:surfactant ratio on the DLZ-loaded niosome formulations was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, drug release, skin sensitivity, animal wound repair model, and histopathological assessment were applied to investigate the characteristics, morphology, and therapeutic effectiveness of the DLZ noisome. Results: The results showed that changes in the cholesterol:surfactant ratio can influence the zeta potential and the size of the niosome. The maximum entrapment efficiency was observed to be about 94% when the cholesterol content in the formulation was high. The DLZ release studies revealed that the niosomal formulation was released slowly over the course of 24 h. Macroscopic observations of the wound demonstrated that wound closure in the DLZ-niosome-treated group and the commercial brand was equal and higher than in the other groups (gel base, placebo gel, and negative control). Pathological studies described that the wound repair in the DLZ-niosomal gel group was greater than in the other treatment. All the preparations tested for cutaneous irritation on Wistar rats showed the DLZ niosomal gels to be non-irritating. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the prepared DLZ-niosome could be used as a possible nano-vesicle for DLZ cutaneous delivery thus potentially opening up new prospects for the treatment of wound disorders.
KW - Cutaneous irritation
KW - Diltiazem
KW - Histopathology
KW - Niosomal gel
KW - Wound repair
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147761517&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12247-023-09710-z
DO - 10.1007/s12247-023-09710-z
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85147761517
VL - 18
SP - 1111
EP - 1127
JO - Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation
JF - Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation
SN - 1872-5120
IS - 3
ER -