An Effective Method for Localization of Sun Gear Fault Based on On-Rotor Sensing and Tidal Periodicity

Xinda Du; Guojin Feng; Dawei Shi; Dong Zhen; Cheng Ye; Zhe Cheng; Niaoqing Hu; Fengshou Gu

doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00968-5_64

An Effective Method for Localization of Sun Gear Fault Based on On-Rotor Sensing and Tidal Periodicity

Xinda Du, Guojin Feng, Dawei Shi, Dong Zhen, Cheng Ye, Zhe Cheng, Niaoqing Hu, Fengshou Gu

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Fault localization in planetary gearboxes based on vibration signals poses certain challenges due to the complex internal structure and signal transmission paths. In our previous work, we proposed a method utilizing a On-Rotor Sensing (ORS) sensor for fault localization, in which the tidal period effect was leveraged to derive characteristic encodings corresponding to the number of single-tooth meshings (NSTM) lagging behind the absolute phase reference (APR) for different fault tooth. Building upon these encodings, this study introduces two quantitative indicators Mean Encoding Value (MEV) and Mean Spearman Coefficient (MSC) to accurately identify the faulty tooth position on the sun gear. MSC is employed to evaluate the correlation between the characteristic encoding and the experimental meshing sequence, while MEV is used to further distinguish the most relevant encoding set through statistical analysis of the mean value distribution. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach are demonstrated through two sets of experimental validations under different working conditions.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025)
Subtitle of host publication	Volume 1
Editors	Kexiang Wei, Wenxian Yang, Juchuan Dai, Bingyan Chen
Publisher	Springer, Cham
Pages	775-786
Number of pages	12
Volume	1
Edition	1st
ISBN (Electronic)	9783032009685
ISBN (Print)	9783032009678, 9783032009708
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-00968-5_64
Publication status	Published - 3 Jan 2026
Event	UNIfied Conference of International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures, DAMAS 2025, International Conference on Maintenance Engineering, IncoME 2025 and The Efficiency and Performance Engineering, TEPEN 2025 - Zhangjiajie, China Duration: 16 May 2025 → 19 May 2025 https://unified2025.uauuu.com/brief-of-unified2025.html

Publication series

Name	Mechanisms and Machine Science
Publisher	Springer, Cham
Volume	188
ISSN (Print)	2211-0984
ISSN (Electronic)	2211-0992

Conference

Conference	UNIfied Conference of International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures, DAMAS 2025, International Conference on Maintenance Engineering, IncoME 2025 and The Efficiency and Performance Engineering, TEPEN 2025
Abbreviated title	UNIfied 2025
Country/Territory	China
City	Zhangjiajie
Period	16/05/25 → 19/05/25
Internet address	https://unified2025.uauuu.com/brief-of-unified2025.html

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Cite this

Du, X., Feng, G., Shi, D., Zhen, D., Ye, C., Cheng, Z., Hu, N., & Gu, F. (2026). An Effective Method for Localization of Sun Gear Fault Based on On-Rotor Sensing and Tidal Periodicity. In K. Wei, W. Yang, J. Dai, & B. Chen (Eds.), Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025): Volume 1 (1st ed., Vol. 1, pp. 775-786). (Mechanisms and Machine Science; Vol. 188). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-00968-5_64

Du, Xinda ; Feng, Guojin ; Shi, Dawei et al. / An Effective Method for Localization of Sun Gear Fault Based on On-Rotor Sensing and Tidal Periodicity. Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025): Volume 1. editor / Kexiang Wei ; Wenxian Yang ; Juchuan Dai ; Bingyan Chen. Vol. 1 1st. ed. Springer, Cham, 2026. pp. 775-786 (Mechanisms and Machine Science).

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title = "An Effective Method for Localization of Sun Gear Fault Based on On-Rotor Sensing and Tidal Periodicity",

abstract = "Fault localization in planetary gearboxes based on vibration signals poses certain challenges due to the complex internal structure and signal transmission paths. In our previous work, we proposed a method utilizing a On-Rotor Sensing (ORS) sensor for fault localization, in which the tidal period effect was leveraged to derive characteristic encodings corresponding to the number of single-tooth meshings (NSTM) lagging behind the absolute phase reference (APR) for different fault tooth. Building upon these encodings, this study introduces two quantitative indicators Mean Encoding Value (MEV) and Mean Spearman Coefficient (MSC) to accurately identify the faulty tooth position on the sun gear. MSC is employed to evaluate the correlation between the characteristic encoding and the experimental meshing sequence, while MEV is used to further distinguish the most relevant encoding set through statistical analysis of the mean value distribution. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach are demonstrated through two sets of experimental validations under different working conditions.",

keywords = "Fault localization, Mean encoding value, Mean spearman coefficient, On-rotor sensing (ORS), Planetary gearbox",

author = "Xinda Du and Guojin Feng and Dawei Shi and Dong Zhen and Cheng Ye and Zhe Cheng and Niaoqing Hu and Fengshou Gu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.; UNIfied Conference of International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures, DAMAS 2025, International Conference on Maintenance Engineering, IncoME 2025 and The Efficiency and Performance Engineering, TEPEN 2025, UNIfied 2025 ; Conference date: 16-05-2025 Through 19-05-2025",

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booktitle = "Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025)",

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Du, X, Feng, G, Shi, D, Zhen, D, Ye, C, Cheng, Z, Hu, N & Gu, F 2026, An Effective Method for Localization of Sun Gear Fault Based on On-Rotor Sensing and Tidal Periodicity. in K Wei, W Yang, J Dai & B Chen (eds), Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025): Volume 1. 1st edn, vol. 1, Mechanisms and Machine Science, vol. 188, Springer, Cham, pp. 775-786, UNIfied Conference of International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures, DAMAS 2025, International Conference on Maintenance Engineering, IncoME 2025 and The Efficiency and Performance Engineering, TEPEN 2025, Zhangjiajie, China, 16/05/25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-00968-5_64

An Effective Method for Localization of Sun Gear Fault Based on On-Rotor Sensing and Tidal Periodicity. / Du, Xinda; Feng, Guojin; Shi, Dawei et al.
Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025): Volume 1. ed. / Kexiang Wei; Wenxian Yang; Juchuan Dai; Bingyan Chen. Vol. 1 1st. ed. Springer, Cham, 2026. p. 775-786 (Mechanisms and Machine Science; Vol. 188).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - An Effective Method for Localization of Sun Gear Fault Based on On-Rotor Sensing and Tidal Periodicity

AU - Du, Xinda

AU - Feng, Guojin

AU - Shi, Dawei

AU - Zhen, Dong

AU - Ye, Cheng

AU - Cheng, Zhe

AU - Hu, Niaoqing

AU - Gu, Fengshou

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.

PY - 2026/1/3

Y1 - 2026/1/3

N2 - Fault localization in planetary gearboxes based on vibration signals poses certain challenges due to the complex internal structure and signal transmission paths. In our previous work, we proposed a method utilizing a On-Rotor Sensing (ORS) sensor for fault localization, in which the tidal period effect was leveraged to derive characteristic encodings corresponding to the number of single-tooth meshings (NSTM) lagging behind the absolute phase reference (APR) for different fault tooth. Building upon these encodings, this study introduces two quantitative indicators Mean Encoding Value (MEV) and Mean Spearman Coefficient (MSC) to accurately identify the faulty tooth position on the sun gear. MSC is employed to evaluate the correlation between the characteristic encoding and the experimental meshing sequence, while MEV is used to further distinguish the most relevant encoding set through statistical analysis of the mean value distribution. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach are demonstrated through two sets of experimental validations under different working conditions.

AB - Fault localization in planetary gearboxes based on vibration signals poses certain challenges due to the complex internal structure and signal transmission paths. In our previous work, we proposed a method utilizing a On-Rotor Sensing (ORS) sensor for fault localization, in which the tidal period effect was leveraged to derive characteristic encodings corresponding to the number of single-tooth meshings (NSTM) lagging behind the absolute phase reference (APR) for different fault tooth. Building upon these encodings, this study introduces two quantitative indicators Mean Encoding Value (MEV) and Mean Spearman Coefficient (MSC) to accurately identify the faulty tooth position on the sun gear. MSC is employed to evaluate the correlation between the characteristic encoding and the experimental meshing sequence, while MEV is used to further distinguish the most relevant encoding set through statistical analysis of the mean value distribution. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach are demonstrated through two sets of experimental validations under different working conditions.

KW - Fault localization

KW - Mean encoding value

KW - Mean spearman coefficient

KW - On-rotor sensing (ORS)

KW - Planetary gearbox

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UR - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-032-00968-5

U2 - 10.1007/978-3-032-00968-5_64

DO - 10.1007/978-3-032-00968-5_64

M3 - Conference contribution

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SN - 9783032009678

SN - 9783032009708

VL - 1

T3 - Mechanisms and Machine Science

SP - 775

EP - 786

BT - Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025)

A2 - Wei, Kexiang

A2 - Yang, Wenxian

A2 - Dai, Juchuan

A2 - Chen, Bingyan

PB - Springer, Cham

T2 - UNIfied Conference of International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures, DAMAS 2025, International Conference on Maintenance Engineering, IncoME 2025 and The Efficiency and Performance Engineering, TEPEN 2025

Y2 - 16 May 2025 through 19 May 2025

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Du X, Feng G, Shi D, Zhen D, Ye C, Cheng Z et al. An Effective Method for Localization of Sun Gear Fault Based on On-Rotor Sensing and Tidal Periodicity. In Wei K, Yang W, Dai J, Chen B, editors, Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025): Volume 1. 1st ed. Vol. 1. Springer, Cham. 2026. p. 775-786. (Mechanisms and Machine Science). Epub 2026 Jan 1. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-00968-5_64

An Effective Method for Localization of Sun Gear Fault Based on On-Rotor Sensing and Tidal Periodicity

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