An optimization study of a multiple-row pin-vented brake disc to promote brake cooling using computational fluid dynamics

Brake disc cooling is an important area of research for high-performance brake disc manufacturers, users as well as academia. In high-demand braking applications, vented discs are increasingly being used as these are considered to have high heat-dissipating characteristics. The cooling efficiency of ventilated brakes depends on three key characteristics: the mass flowrate through the disc, i.e. the pumping efficiency of the rotor, the average heat transfer coefficient on the surface of the disc, and the wetted area of the rotor. Recent research has shown that the pin-vented discs have high heat transfer rates because of an increase in turbulence which results in a higher heat transfer coefficient. The pin-vented discs also have a higher resistance to thermal deformation owing to the more even distribution of material, resulting in lower thermal stress build-up within the rotor. The pin-vented discs in general have multiple rows of pins. In this paper an optimal configuration of various rows has been found for the maximum heat transfer rate. It has also been found that the ratio of wetted area of the disc to the frontal area of pins defines the heat transfer rate from the disc uniquely and can be used as a design parameter for the optimal design of a brake disc.