Beta-blocker use in cardiovascular disease

Beta-blockers are widely used to treat a number of cardiovascular
diseases, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation,
angina and hypertension. By inhibiting the binding of catacholamines to
beta receptors in the heart and vasculature, beta-blockers can reduce
cardiac contractility, heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output. A
sound understanding of how beta-blockers work and the basis of their
recommendation for various indications is needed to promote their
safe and effective use in patients. This article briefly describes the
physiology of beta-adrenergic receptors, the mechanism of action of
beta-blockers and their place in the therapy of cardiovascular disease.