Abstract
Industrial bread dough mixing often involves a period of mixing under high headspace pressure to enhance oxygen availability, followed by a period of partial vacuum to favourably manipulate the final bubble size distribution. This paper presents the results of a study using X-ray tomography to measure the gas bubble size distribution in dough samples over the course of a pressure step-change mix. The first objective of the current work was to measure bubble size distributions at points throughout a pressure-step dough mixing process using a non-synchrotron X-ray source. The second objective was to fit a simplified population balance model to the measured size distributions. The third objective was to use the data set and fitted model to explore the validity of the assumptions within the simplified model and to consolidate understanding of underlying aeration and mixing phenomena and the resultant process dynamics. It was found that the dynamic changes in the bubble size distribution of a bread dough during pressure-step mixing could be accurately measured using a laboratory X-ray source. The response of the cumulative dough voidage to a pressure-step change during mixing could be reproduced very well using the simplified population balance model (which assumes: all entrained bubbles are the same size, no bubble break-up or coalescence, and likelihood of bubble disentrainment is proportional to bubble volume). The measured response of the bubble number density and mean volume agreed reasonably well with that predicted by the simplified model (with parameters fitted to only cumulative voidage data). It is demonstrated that the decrease in number density following a pressure step-decrease is much more short-lived than the decrease in size which is permanent.
| Language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages | 470-477 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Chemical Engineering Science |
| Volume | 101 |
| Early online date | 10 Jul 2013 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 20 Sep 2013 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Bread dough aeration dynamics during pressure step-change mixing : Studies by X-ray tomography, dough density and population balance modelling. / Trinh, L.; Lowe, T.; Campbell, G. M.; Withers, P. J.; Martin, P. J.
In: Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 101, 20.09.2013, p. 470-477.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Bread dough aeration dynamics during pressure step-change mixing
T2 - Chemical Engineering Science
AU - Trinh, L.
AU - Lowe, T.
AU - Campbell, G. M.
AU - Withers, P. J.
AU - Martin, P. J.
PY - 2013/9/20
Y1 - 2013/9/20
N2 - Industrial bread dough mixing often involves a period of mixing under high headspace pressure to enhance oxygen availability, followed by a period of partial vacuum to favourably manipulate the final bubble size distribution. This paper presents the results of a study using X-ray tomography to measure the gas bubble size distribution in dough samples over the course of a pressure step-change mix. The first objective of the current work was to measure bubble size distributions at points throughout a pressure-step dough mixing process using a non-synchrotron X-ray source. The second objective was to fit a simplified population balance model to the measured size distributions. The third objective was to use the data set and fitted model to explore the validity of the assumptions within the simplified model and to consolidate understanding of underlying aeration and mixing phenomena and the resultant process dynamics. It was found that the dynamic changes in the bubble size distribution of a bread dough during pressure-step mixing could be accurately measured using a laboratory X-ray source. The response of the cumulative dough voidage to a pressure-step change during mixing could be reproduced very well using the simplified population balance model (which assumes: all entrained bubbles are the same size, no bubble break-up or coalescence, and likelihood of bubble disentrainment is proportional to bubble volume). The measured response of the bubble number density and mean volume agreed reasonably well with that predicted by the simplified model (with parameters fitted to only cumulative voidage data). It is demonstrated that the decrease in number density following a pressure step-decrease is much more short-lived than the decrease in size which is permanent.
AB - Industrial bread dough mixing often involves a period of mixing under high headspace pressure to enhance oxygen availability, followed by a period of partial vacuum to favourably manipulate the final bubble size distribution. This paper presents the results of a study using X-ray tomography to measure the gas bubble size distribution in dough samples over the course of a pressure step-change mix. The first objective of the current work was to measure bubble size distributions at points throughout a pressure-step dough mixing process using a non-synchrotron X-ray source. The second objective was to fit a simplified population balance model to the measured size distributions. The third objective was to use the data set and fitted model to explore the validity of the assumptions within the simplified model and to consolidate understanding of underlying aeration and mixing phenomena and the resultant process dynamics. It was found that the dynamic changes in the bubble size distribution of a bread dough during pressure-step mixing could be accurately measured using a laboratory X-ray source. The response of the cumulative dough voidage to a pressure-step change during mixing could be reproduced very well using the simplified population balance model (which assumes: all entrained bubbles are the same size, no bubble break-up or coalescence, and likelihood of bubble disentrainment is proportional to bubble volume). The measured response of the bubble number density and mean volume agreed reasonably well with that predicted by the simplified model (with parameters fitted to only cumulative voidage data). It is demonstrated that the decrease in number density following a pressure step-decrease is much more short-lived than the decrease in size which is permanent.
KW - Aeration
KW - Bread dough
KW - Bubble
KW - Food processing
KW - Mixing
KW - Population balance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84881236054&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.journals.elsevier.com/chemical-engineering-science
U2 - 10.1016/j.ces.2013.06.053
DO - 10.1016/j.ces.2013.06.053
M3 - Article
VL - 101
SP - 470
EP - 477
JO - Chemical Engineering Science
JF - Chemical Engineering Science
SN - 0009-2509
ER -