TY - JOUR
T1 - Broadband High-Efficiency Circularly Polarized Active Antenna and Array for RF Front-End Application
AU - Qin, Yin
AU - Gao, Steven
AU - Sambell, Alistair
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received December 19, 2005; revised March 13, 2006. The work of S. Gao was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, U.K., under Project GR/S42538/01. The authors are with the Active Antenna Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne E1 8ST, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TMTT.2006.877437 Fig. 1. Proposed circuit diagram of class-E PA. (a) Switch model with lumped elements. (b) Switch model with transmission lines.
PY - 2006/7/1
Y1 - 2006/7/1
N2 - This paper presents a broadband high-efficiency circularly polarized (CP) active integrated antenna, and a broadband CP active array at 2 GHz. To realize the broadband CP antenna, a circular patch is aperture coupled by crossed slots in the ground plane, which are fed by an L-shaped microstrip feed line below the ground. The antenna is designed to serve the functions of both a radiator and a harmonics-terminated load for class-E high-efficiency power-amplifier (PA) integration. The broadband CP active antenna is realized by directly integrating the broadband CP antenna with the class-E PA. It achieves a 9% bandwidth (1.84-2.01 GHz) for axial ratio (AR) below 3 dB, and a 12% bandwidth for power-added efficiency (PAE) over 60%. To form the broadband CP active array, four active antenna elements are sequentially rotated, and each element is directly integrated with broadband class-E PA. A low-cost printed-circuit-board technology is employed in fabrication and a pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistor is used. A peak drain efficiency of 71.5% for the class-E amplifier is measured at 1.95 GHz. The active array achieves a peak-effective radiated power of 39.7 dBm, and PAE is over 50% within a 22.6% bandwidth (1.72-2.16 GHz). The AR is below 3 dB over a 27% bandwidth (1.72-2.26 GHz).
AB - This paper presents a broadband high-efficiency circularly polarized (CP) active integrated antenna, and a broadband CP active array at 2 GHz. To realize the broadband CP antenna, a circular patch is aperture coupled by crossed slots in the ground plane, which are fed by an L-shaped microstrip feed line below the ground. The antenna is designed to serve the functions of both a radiator and a harmonics-terminated load for class-E high-efficiency power-amplifier (PA) integration. The broadband CP active antenna is realized by directly integrating the broadband CP antenna with the class-E PA. It achieves a 9% bandwidth (1.84-2.01 GHz) for axial ratio (AR) below 3 dB, and a 12% bandwidth for power-added efficiency (PAE) over 60%. To form the broadband CP active array, four active antenna elements are sequentially rotated, and each element is directly integrated with broadband class-E PA. A low-cost printed-circuit-board technology is employed in fabrication and a pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistor is used. A peak drain efficiency of 71.5% for the class-E amplifier is measured at 1.95 GHz. The active array achieves a peak-effective radiated power of 39.7 dBm, and PAE is over 50% within a 22.6% bandwidth (1.72-2.16 GHz). The AR is below 3 dB over a 27% bandwidth (1.72-2.26 GHz).
KW - Active antennas
KW - Active array
KW - Broadband antennas
KW - Circular polarization
KW - Class E
KW - Power amplifier (PA)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33746419745&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TMTT.2006.877437
DO - 10.1109/TMTT.2006.877437
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:33746419745
VL - 54
SP - 2910
EP - 2916
JO - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
JF - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
SN - 0018-9480
IS - 7
M1 - 1650428
ER -
