TY - JOUR
T1 - Broadband High-Efficiency Linearly and Circularly Polarized Active Integrated Antennas
AU - Qin, Yi
AU - Gao, Steven
AU - Sambell, Alistair
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received October 3, 2005; revised January 5, 2006. This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, U.K., under Grant GR/S42538/01. The authors are with the Active Antenna Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TMTT.2006.874873
PY - 2006/6/1
Y1 - 2006/6/1
N2 - This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurements of two broadband high-efficiency active Integrated antennas (AIAs) operating in linear polarization and circular polarization, respectively. A new design method is proposed for designing the broadband load network of the class-E power amplifier (PA), so that a high power-added efficiency (PAE) can be achieved over a broad bandwidth. A broadband high-efficiency class-E PA is designed based on the proposed method. The linearly polarized (LP) AIA is realized by integrating the broadband class-E PA with a broadband LP antenna, which uses a ring-slot coupled microstrip patch antenna. Then, the circularly polarized (CP) AIA is realized by integrating the broadband class-E PA with a broadband CP antenna, which uses a single-feed cross-slot-coupled microstrip patch antenna. Each antenna is designed for working as both a radiator and a harmonics-terminated load. A low-cost printed-circuit-board technology is employed in fabrication, and a p-high-electron mobility transistor is used. The PAE of the LP AIA is over 50% within a 14.6% bandwidth from 1.78 to 2.06 GHz, while the PAE of the CP AIA is over 50% within a 14% bandwidth from 1.92 to 2.21 GHz. The axial ratio of the CP AIA is below 3 dB over a 9 % bandwidth from 1.99 to 2.18 GHz.
AB - This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurements of two broadband high-efficiency active Integrated antennas (AIAs) operating in linear polarization and circular polarization, respectively. A new design method is proposed for designing the broadband load network of the class-E power amplifier (PA), so that a high power-added efficiency (PAE) can be achieved over a broad bandwidth. A broadband high-efficiency class-E PA is designed based on the proposed method. The linearly polarized (LP) AIA is realized by integrating the broadband class-E PA with a broadband LP antenna, which uses a ring-slot coupled microstrip patch antenna. Then, the circularly polarized (CP) AIA is realized by integrating the broadband class-E PA with a broadband CP antenna, which uses a single-feed cross-slot-coupled microstrip patch antenna. Each antenna is designed for working as both a radiator and a harmonics-terminated load. A low-cost printed-circuit-board technology is employed in fabrication, and a p-high-electron mobility transistor is used. The PAE of the LP AIA is over 50% within a 14.6% bandwidth from 1.78 to 2.06 GHz, while the PAE of the CP AIA is over 50% within a 14% bandwidth from 1.92 to 2.21 GHz. The axial ratio of the CP AIA is below 3 dB over a 9 % bandwidth from 1.99 to 2.18 GHz.
KW - Active integrated antennas (AIAs)
KW - Antenna
KW - Broadband antenna
KW - Class-E amplifier
KW - High efficiency
KW - Power amplifier (PA)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33947386235&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TMTT.2006.874873
DO - 10.1109/TMTT.2006.874873
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:33947386235
VL - 54
SP - 2723
EP - 2732
JO - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
JF - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
SN - 0018-9480
IS - 6
M1 - 1643609
ER -
