Challenges of Urban Planning in The Context of Multi-Hazard: A Systematic Literature Review

Addressing the issues of urbanization is soon becoming a global priority as the world progressively urbanizes. Indeed, 54 percent of the world's population was urban in 2014, and that figure is expected to rise to 66 percent by 2050(United Nations, 2018). Natural disasters offer a significant issue in these urban areas, where the urban population is constantly exposed to the risk of these calamities. Nearly three out of every five cities with a population of at least 500,000 people are at high risk of being hit by at least one of six types of natural disasters, namely cyclones, floods, droughts, earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic eruptions. (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2018). Poorly planned urban environments, ineffective urban administration, and outdated and brittle infrastructure can all put pressure on the urban environment and expose it to disaster risk. They are related to the magnitude of the vulnerability of urban areas rather than the magnitude of the hazard. As Rus (2018) points out, the need for these cities' maintenance and upkeep makes safety measures for their residents critical in these conditions. As a result, urban design for multi- hazards and risk reduction has been identified as a critical aspect in building resilient urban communities to severe calamities.