Abstract
Previous experimental work identified 2-iodoanisole as the best precatalyst for the oxidative cyclization of N-alkenylamides into 2-oxazolines. Herein, we describe our investigation into the effect on the reaction rate based on the structure of the iodoarene precatalyst. We also reveal the mechanism of the cyclization based on DFT modeling and obtain a clear correlation between observed reaction rates and computationally derived activation energies for different iodoarenes. In addition, the rate-limiting step is shown to be the cyclization of the substrate that is zero order in the concentration of the iodoarene precatalyst. The rate of cyclization is found to correlate with the ease of oxidation of the iodoarene; however, the most easily oxidized iodoarenes generate iodine(III) species that decompose readily. Finally, loss of iodoarene from the cyclized intermediate can proceed by either ligand-coupling or S N2 displacement (reductive elimination), and this is shown to be substrate-dependent.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 15605-15613 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Journal of Organic Chemistry |
Volume | 84 |
Issue number | 23 |
Early online date | 1 Nov 2019 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 6 Dec 2019 |
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Wesley Moran
- Department of Chemical Sciences - Reader
- School of Applied Sciences
- Chemical Synthesis and Design Centre - Member
- Structural, Molecular and Dynamic Modelling Centre - Associate Member
Person: Academic