Defining Quality Indicators Based on Axial Dynamic Response Output for Quality Control of On-Rotor Sensor

Zhifeng Hu; Xiaoli Tang; Yuandong Xu; Zewen Zhou; Fengshou Gu; Andrew D. Ball

doi:10.1007/978-3-032-01363-7_52

Defining Quality Indicators Based on Axial Dynamic Response Output for Quality Control of On-Rotor Sensor

Zhifeng Hu, Xiaoli Tang, Yuandong Xu, Zewen Zhou, Fengshou Gu, Andrew D. Ball

Hunan University of Science and Technology

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

The on-rotor sensing (ORS) technique has been successfully applied as a novel wireless triaxial acceleration sensing technique for condition monitoring of horizontal rotor mechanical system. However, as a triaxial acceleration sensor by nature, mounting and fabrication errors in the ORS system will significantly differentiate the dynamic response output of different ORS sensors, especially when applying ORS sensors to identify minor faults or slight condition changes of a mechanical system, and standardization of the ORS system becomes particularly critical. In this paper, theoretical and experimental analysis reveals that the inclination of the sensor plane will affect the axial dynamic response output of the ORS. The 1st order rotational frequency magnitude of the axial dynamic response of the ORS is sinusoidally related to the inclination of the sensor plane. The root-mean-square (RMS) value of the low-frequency band can be used to reveal the inclination of the rotor sensor plane. These findings will provide quality control indicators for the standardization of ORS system production and manufacturing.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025)
Subtitle of host publication	Volume 2
Editors	Xiong Shu, Yun Zhu, Bingyan Chen, Hongxiang Zou
Publisher	Springer, Cham
Pages	657-670
Number of pages	14
Volume	2
Edition	1st
ISBN (Electronic)	9783032013637
ISBN (Print)	9783032013620, 9783032013651
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01363-7_52
Publication status	Published - 3 Jan 2026
Event	UNIfied Conference of International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures, DAMAS 2025, International Conference on Maintenance Engineering, IncoME 2025 and The Efficiency and Performance Engineering, TEPEN 2025 - Zhangjiajie, China Duration: 16 May 2025 → 19 May 2025 https://unified2025.uauuu.com/brief-of-unified2025.html

Publication series

Name	Mechanisms and Machine Science
Publisher	Springer Cham
Volume	189
ISSN (Print)	2211-0984
ISSN (Electronic)	2211-0992

Conference

Conference	UNIfied Conference of International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures, DAMAS 2025, International Conference on Maintenance Engineering, IncoME 2025 and The Efficiency and Performance Engineering, TEPEN 2025
Abbreviated title	UNIfied 2025
Country/Territory	China
City	Zhangjiajie
Period	16/05/25 → 19/05/25
Internet address	https://unified2025.uauuu.com/brief-of-unified2025.html

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10.1007/978-3-032-01363-7_52Licence: Unspecified

Cite this

Hu, Z., Tang, X., Xu, Y., Zhou, Z., Gu, F., & Ball, A. D. (2026). Defining Quality Indicators Based on Axial Dynamic Response Output for Quality Control of On-Rotor Sensor. In X. Shu, Y. Zhu, B. Chen, & H. Zou (Eds.), Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025): Volume 2 (1st ed., Vol. 2, pp. 657-670). (Mechanisms and Machine Science; Vol. 189). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01363-7_52

Hu, Zhifeng ; Tang, Xiaoli ; Xu, Yuandong et al. / Defining Quality Indicators Based on Axial Dynamic Response Output for Quality Control of On-Rotor Sensor. Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025): Volume 2. editor / Xiong Shu ; Yun Zhu ; Bingyan Chen ; Hongxiang Zou. Vol. 2 1st. ed. Springer, Cham, 2026. pp. 657-670 (Mechanisms and Machine Science).

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title = "Defining Quality Indicators Based on Axial Dynamic Response Output for Quality Control of On-Rotor Sensor",

abstract = "The on-rotor sensing (ORS) technique has been successfully applied as a novel wireless triaxial acceleration sensing technique for condition monitoring of horizontal rotor mechanical system. However, as a triaxial acceleration sensor by nature, mounting and fabrication errors in the ORS system will significantly differentiate the dynamic response output of different ORS sensors, especially when applying ORS sensors to identify minor faults or slight condition changes of a mechanical system, and standardization of the ORS system becomes particularly critical. In this paper, theoretical and experimental analysis reveals that the inclination of the sensor plane will affect the axial dynamic response output of the ORS. The 1st order rotational frequency magnitude of the axial dynamic response of the ORS is sinusoidally related to the inclination of the sensor plane. The root-mean-square (RMS) value of the low-frequency band can be used to reveal the inclination of the rotor sensor plane. These findings will provide quality control indicators for the standardization of ORS system production and manufacturing.",

keywords = "Axial dynamic response, Horizontal rotor, On-rotor sensing, Quality control",

author = "Zhifeng Hu and Xiaoli Tang and Yuandong Xu and Zewen Zhou and Fengshou Gu and Ball, \{Andrew D.\}",

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pages = "657--670",

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booktitle = "Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025)",

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Hu, Z, Tang, X, Xu, Y, Zhou, Z, Gu, F & Ball, AD 2026, Defining Quality Indicators Based on Axial Dynamic Response Output for Quality Control of On-Rotor Sensor. in X Shu, Y Zhu, B Chen & H Zou (eds), Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025): Volume 2. 1st edn, vol. 2, Mechanisms and Machine Science, vol. 189, Springer, Cham, pp. 657-670, UNIfied Conference of International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures, DAMAS 2025, International Conference on Maintenance Engineering, IncoME 2025 and The Efficiency and Performance Engineering, TEPEN 2025, Zhangjiajie, China, 16/05/25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01363-7_52

Defining Quality Indicators Based on Axial Dynamic Response Output for Quality Control of On-Rotor Sensor. / Hu, Zhifeng; Tang, Xiaoli; Xu, Yuandong et al.
Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025): Volume 2. ed. / Xiong Shu; Yun Zhu; Bingyan Chen; Hongxiang Zou. Vol. 2 1st. ed. Springer, Cham, 2026. p. 657-670 (Mechanisms and Machine Science; Vol. 189).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Defining Quality Indicators Based on Axial Dynamic Response Output for Quality Control of On-Rotor Sensor

AU - Hu, Zhifeng

AU - Tang, Xiaoli

AU - Xu, Yuandong

AU - Zhou, Zewen

AU - Gu, Fengshou

AU - Ball, Andrew D.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.

PY - 2026/1/3

Y1 - 2026/1/3

N2 - The on-rotor sensing (ORS) technique has been successfully applied as a novel wireless triaxial acceleration sensing technique for condition monitoring of horizontal rotor mechanical system. However, as a triaxial acceleration sensor by nature, mounting and fabrication errors in the ORS system will significantly differentiate the dynamic response output of different ORS sensors, especially when applying ORS sensors to identify minor faults or slight condition changes of a mechanical system, and standardization of the ORS system becomes particularly critical. In this paper, theoretical and experimental analysis reveals that the inclination of the sensor plane will affect the axial dynamic response output of the ORS. The 1st order rotational frequency magnitude of the axial dynamic response of the ORS is sinusoidally related to the inclination of the sensor plane. The root-mean-square (RMS) value of the low-frequency band can be used to reveal the inclination of the rotor sensor plane. These findings will provide quality control indicators for the standardization of ORS system production and manufacturing.

AB - The on-rotor sensing (ORS) technique has been successfully applied as a novel wireless triaxial acceleration sensing technique for condition monitoring of horizontal rotor mechanical system. However, as a triaxial acceleration sensor by nature, mounting and fabrication errors in the ORS system will significantly differentiate the dynamic response output of different ORS sensors, especially when applying ORS sensors to identify minor faults or slight condition changes of a mechanical system, and standardization of the ORS system becomes particularly critical. In this paper, theoretical and experimental analysis reveals that the inclination of the sensor plane will affect the axial dynamic response output of the ORS. The 1st order rotational frequency magnitude of the axial dynamic response of the ORS is sinusoidally related to the inclination of the sensor plane. The root-mean-square (RMS) value of the low-frequency band can be used to reveal the inclination of the rotor sensor plane. These findings will provide quality control indicators for the standardization of ORS system production and manufacturing.

KW - Axial dynamic response

KW - Horizontal rotor

KW - On-rotor sensing

KW - Quality control

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105027116298

UR - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-032-01363-7

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DO - 10.1007/978-3-032-01363-7_52

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105027116298

SN - 9783032013620

SN - 9783032013651

VL - 2

T3 - Mechanisms and Machine Science

SP - 657

EP - 670

BT - Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025)

A2 - Shu, Xiong

A2 - Zhu, Yun

A2 - Chen, Bingyan

A2 - Zou, Hongxiang

PB - Springer, Cham

T2 - UNIfied Conference of International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures, DAMAS 2025, International Conference on Maintenance Engineering, IncoME 2025 and The Efficiency and Performance Engineering, TEPEN 2025

Y2 - 16 May 2025 through 19 May 2025

ER -

Hu Z, Tang X, Xu Y, Zhou Z, Gu F , Ball AD. Defining Quality Indicators Based on Axial Dynamic Response Output for Quality Control of On-Rotor Sensor. In Shu X, Zhu Y, Chen B, Zou H, editors, Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2025): Volume 2. 1st ed. Vol. 2. Springer, Cham. 2026. p. 657-670. (Mechanisms and Machine Science). Epub 2026 Jan 1. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-01363-7_52

Defining Quality Indicators Based on Axial Dynamic Response Output for Quality Control of On-Rotor Sensor

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