Development, recent advances, and updates in binary, ternary co-amorphous systems, and ternary solid dispersions

Binary co-amorphous systems (CAMS) are a type of solid dispersion containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and small molecule excipients. The properties of these substances make them novel and a very demanding aspect of pharmaceutical research because they improve solubility, physical stability, and bioavailability in poorly soluble drugs in comparison to their pure crystal or amorphous counterparts. Binary CAMS may however not satisfy all criteria related to dissolution, solubility, recrystallization prevention, and stability. As a result, ternary systems incorporating a third ingredient in CAMS offer several advantages in terms of stability and drug solubility. Similarly, ternary systems in the context of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) improve the drug's stability and solubility over binary solid dispersions. During this review, we summarize recent findings regarding ternary CAMS, ternary solid dispersion (TSD) and binary CAMS. Recent advances in the preparation, mechanism of stabilization, and in-vitro and in-vivo performances of binary and ternary systems are also discussed along with their final dosage forms.