TY - JOUR
T1 - Dimensionality of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ48)
AU - Perry, John L
AU - Strycharczyk, Doug
AU - Dagnall, Neil
AU - Denovan, Andrew
AU - Papageorgiou, Kostas A
AU - Clough, Peter J
N1 - Copyright © 2021 Perry, Strycharczyk, Dagnall, Denovan, Papageorgiou and Clough.
PY - 2021/7/23
Y1 - 2021/7/23
N2 - Currently there is debate as to whether mental toughness is a unidimensional or multidimensional construct. To investigate the dimensionality of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48-items (MTQ48), a widely used measure of mental toughness, we examined data from a sample of 78,947 participants. A series of exploratory structural equation models (ESEM) assessed unidimensional, multidimensional, and bifactor solutions. Overall, results supported a bifactor conceptualization of mental toughness. Bifactor analysis was consistent with the use of a general factor score. In conclusion, the authors argue that mental toughness should be considered as an umbrella term representing a general trait comprised of related constructs that provide a psychological advantage in performance and promote positive mental health. Finally, this article identifies limitations in the existing measurement of mental toughness and proposes necessary directions in future research.
AB - Currently there is debate as to whether mental toughness is a unidimensional or multidimensional construct. To investigate the dimensionality of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48-items (MTQ48), a widely used measure of mental toughness, we examined data from a sample of 78,947 participants. A series of exploratory structural equation models (ESEM) assessed unidimensional, multidimensional, and bifactor solutions. Overall, results supported a bifactor conceptualization of mental toughness. Bifactor analysis was consistent with the use of a general factor score. In conclusion, the authors argue that mental toughness should be considered as an umbrella term representing a general trait comprised of related constructs that provide a psychological advantage in performance and promote positive mental health. Finally, this article identifies limitations in the existing measurement of mental toughness and proposes necessary directions in future research.
KW - mental toughness
KW - MTQ48
KW - exploratory structural equation modeling
KW - psychometrics
KW - bifactor
UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112470564&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=10.3389%2ffpsyg.2021.654836&sid=139bf77ae3f3fffe205098d6cc1a5a6a&sot=b&sdt=b&sl=30&s=DOI%2810.3389%2ffpsyg.2021.654836%29&relpos=0&citeCnt=2&searchTerm=&featureToggles=FEATURE_NEW_DOC_DETAILS_EXPORT:1
U2 - 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.654836
DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.654836
M3 - Article
C2 - 34366972
VL - 12
JO - Frontiers in Psychology
JF - Frontiers in Psychology
SN - 1664-1078
M1 - 654836
ER -