Abstract
Background: Extended reality (XR) interventions have the potential to benefit patients undergoing elective cardiac surgical and interventional procedures. However, there are no systematic reviews with meta-analyses to guide clinical care.
Aim: To critically evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of XR interventions on patient anxiety and pain and other associated outcomes.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA 2020 statement.
Data Sources: A systematic search of five databases (CENTRAL, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus) from inception to July 2023.
Methods: Screening and data extraction was conducted independently by multiple reviewers. Stata (Version 17) was used to conduct meta-analyses for patient anxiety and pain. Secondary patient outcomes were summarised in a synthesis. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (Version 2) tool was applied to trials and the NHLBI Study Quality Assessment tools to all other study designs.
Results: Of the 3372 records identified, 22 were included, 10 of which were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analyses. Fifty-seven percent of randomised trials were rated as high risk of bias. Virtual reality (VR) was the only XR technology evaluated. VR significantly reduced pre-procedural anxiety (standardised mean difference: -1.29; 95% confidence interval -1.96, -0.62, pConclusions: XR potentially benefits cardiac patients undergoing elective invasive procedures and surgery by reducing pre- and peri-procedural anxiety and increasing procedural knowledge and physical function.
Aim: To critically evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of XR interventions on patient anxiety and pain and other associated outcomes.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA 2020 statement.
Data Sources: A systematic search of five databases (CENTRAL, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus) from inception to July 2023.
Methods: Screening and data extraction was conducted independently by multiple reviewers. Stata (Version 17) was used to conduct meta-analyses for patient anxiety and pain. Secondary patient outcomes were summarised in a synthesis. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (Version 2) tool was applied to trials and the NHLBI Study Quality Assessment tools to all other study designs.
Results: Of the 3372 records identified, 22 were included, 10 of which were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analyses. Fifty-seven percent of randomised trials were rated as high risk of bias. Virtual reality (VR) was the only XR technology evaluated. VR significantly reduced pre-procedural anxiety (standardised mean difference: -1.29; 95% confidence interval -1.96, -0.62, pConclusions: XR potentially benefits cardiac patients undergoing elective invasive procedures and surgery by reducing pre- and peri-procedural anxiety and increasing procedural knowledge and physical function.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Journal of Clinical Nursing |
| Publication status | Accepted/In press - 19 Nov 2024 |
