Estimation of frequency support market indices using Monte Carlo simulation for wind power generation

The foreseen high penetration levels of renewable energy sources into modern power system will force these green power plants to provide full range of ancillary services. Consequently, the schemes and mechanisms of the markets of such services should be adapted to accommodate the intermittent and uncertain nature of renewable power generation. This paper develops a novel probabilistic method to evaluate the key indices of frequency support according to the present market practices. Focus will be brought to wind power generation, where three different concepts of frequency support are compared through the proposed estimation algorithm, which is based on Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). This study also considers different ranges of wind speed. Results reflect the disability of current factors, which are used to calculate the incentives and rates of provided power and energy support, to deal with wind power. It also reveals the average deviations between the applied support methods from viewpoint of the estimated indices. Matlab/Simulink is the applied simulation environment, where supplementary controllers are integrated into the NREL 5MW benchmark to enable its provision for frequency support.