Evolution and Development of China’s Geometrical Product Specification Standard System

This paper investigates the evolution and development of China’s Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) standard system from a system-level and industrialization-oriented perspective. Based on historical analysis and empirical investigation, a total of 102 national GPS standards issued between 2016 and 2025 are examined to analyse publication trends, adoption patterns, and technical domain distribution. The results show that China’s GPS system follows a dual-track development mechanism. Large-scale adoption of ISO GPS standards has enabled rapid establishment of a structurally complete and internationally compatible system, with an average adoption lag of 3–5 years. In parallel, independently developed national standards have emerged in a targeted manner, particularly in inspection, verification, and emerging measurement technologies, addressing industrial and technological gaps not yet covered by international standards. The study indicates that China’s GPS standard system has entered a mature and adaptive stage. Key challenges remain in industrial implementation, digital support, and international standardization participation.