Exploring the need of a Responsible AI Framework for Healthcare: Key Considerations for Developing Countries

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the healthcare landscape globally. However, the unregulated use of AI tools and models raises concerns about patient safety, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to explore the necessity of a Responsible AI (RAI) framework in developing nations, focusing on Nepal and Ghana. By reviewing established AI guidelines, engaging with stakeholders from Nepal and Ghana, observing their existing digital healthcare systems for AI readiness, and conducting a survey, we identify key components around opportunity and ethical concerns for AI adoption in their healthcare system. Our analysis reveals a lack of advanced medical technology infrastructure, and the risks associated with unregulated AI use, which compromise patient safety. This advocates the urgent need for an RAI framework to ensure ethical AI integration tailored to local contexts, addressing risks related to AI model transparency, data bias, privacy, and safety. The findings provide practical insights for regulators in developing countries for designing, implementing, and governing AI-driven healthcare solutions using the localised RAI Framework.