Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East

Iosif Lazaridis; Dani Nadel; Gary Rollefson; Deborah C. Merrett; Nadin Rohland; Swapan Mallick; Daniel Fernandes; Mario Novak; Beatriz Gamarra; Kendra Sirak; Sarah Connell; Kristin Stewardson; Eadaoin Harney; Qiaomei Fu; Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes; Eppie R. Jones; Songül Alpaslan Roodenberg; György Lengyel; Fanny Bocquentin; Boris Gasparian; Janet M. Monge; Michael Gregg; Vered Eshed; Ahuva Sivan Mizrahi; Christopher Meiklejohn; Fokke Gerritsen; Luminita Bejenaru; Matthias Blüher; Archie Campbell; Gianpiero Cavalleri; David Comas; Philippe Froguel; Edmund Gilbert; Shona M. Kerr; Peter Kovacs; Johannes Krause; Darren McGettigan; Michael Merrigan; D. Andrew Merriwether; Seamus O'Reilly; Martin B. Richards; Ornella Semino; Michel Shamoon-Pour; Gheorghe Stefanescu; Michael Stumvoll; Anke Tönjes; Antonio Torroni; James F. Wilson; Loic Yengo; Nelli A. Hovhannisyan; Nick Patterson; Ron Pinhasi; David Reich

doi:10.1038/nature19310

Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East

Iosif Lazaridis, Dani Nadel, Gary Rollefson, Deborah C. Merrett, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Daniel Fernandes, Mario Novak, Beatriz Gamarra, Kendra Sirak, Sarah Connell, Kristin Stewardson, Eadaoin Harney, Qiaomei Fu, Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes, Eppie R. Jones, Songül Alpaslan Roodenberg, György Lengyel, Fanny Bocquentin, Boris GasparianJanet M. Monge, Michael Gregg, Vered Eshed, Ahuva Sivan Mizrahi, Christopher Meiklejohn, Fokke Gerritsen, Luminita Bejenaru, Matthias Blüher, Archie Campbell, Gianpiero Cavalleri, David Comas, Philippe Froguel, Edmund Gilbert, Shona M. Kerr, Peter Kovacs, Johannes Krause, Darren McGettigan, Michael Merrigan, D. Andrew Merriwether, Seamus O'Reilly, Martin B. Richards, Ornella Semino, Michel Shamoon-Pour, Gheorghe Stefanescu, Michael Stumvoll, Anke Tönjes, Antonio Torroni, James F. Wilson, Loic Yengo, Nelli A. Hovhannisyan, Nick Patterson, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

594 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ∼12,000 and 1,400_BC, from Natufian hunter-gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a 'Basal Eurasian' lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages before their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter-gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter-gatherers of Europe to greatly reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those of Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	419-424
Number of pages	6
Journal	Nature
Volume	536
Issue number	7617
Early online date	25 Jul 2016
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19310
Publication status	Published - 25 Aug 2016

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10.1038/nature19310

http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/30576/Licence: Unspecified
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Lazaridis, I., Nadel, D., Rollefson, G., Merrett, D. C., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Fernandes, D., Novak, M., Gamarra, B., Sirak, K., Connell, S., Stewardson, K., Harney, E., Fu, Q., Gonzalez-Fortes, G., Jones, E. R., Roodenberg, S. A., Lengyel, G., Bocquentin, F., ... Reich, D. (2016). Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East. Nature, 536(7617), 419-424. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19310

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title = "Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East",

abstract = "We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ∼12,000 and 1,400BC, from Natufian hunter-gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a 'Basal Eurasian' lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages before their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter-gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter-gatherers of Europe to greatly reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those of Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia.",

keywords = "Archaeology, Genetic variation",

author = "Iosif Lazaridis and Dani Nadel and Gary Rollefson and Merrett, {Deborah C.} and Nadin Rohland and Swapan Mallick and Daniel Fernandes and Mario Novak and Beatriz Gamarra and Kendra Sirak and Sarah Connell and Kristin Stewardson and Eadaoin Harney and Qiaomei Fu and Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes and Jones, {Eppie R.} and Roodenberg, {Song{\"u}l Alpaslan} and Gy{\"o}rgy Lengyel and Fanny Bocquentin and Boris Gasparian and Monge, {Janet M.} and Michael Gregg and Vered Eshed and Mizrahi, {Ahuva Sivan} and Christopher Meiklejohn and Fokke Gerritsen and Luminita Bejenaru and Matthias Bl{\"u}her and Archie Campbell and Gianpiero Cavalleri and David Comas and Philippe Froguel and Edmund Gilbert and Kerr, {Shona M.} and Peter Kovacs and Johannes Krause and Darren McGettigan and Michael Merrigan and Merriwether, {D. Andrew} and Seamus O'Reilly and Richards, {Martin B.} and Ornella Semino and Michel Shamoon-Pour and Gheorghe Stefanescu and Michael Stumvoll and Anke T{\"o}njes and Antonio Torroni and Wilson, {James F.} and Loic Yengo and Hovhannisyan, {Nelli A.} and Nick Patterson and Ron Pinhasi and David Reich",

year = "2016",

month = aug,

day = "25",

doi = "10.1038/nature19310",

language = "English",

volume = "536",

pages = "419--424",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "7617",

}

Lazaridis, I, Nadel, D, Rollefson, G, Merrett, DC, Rohland, N, Mallick, S, Fernandes, D, Novak, M, Gamarra, B, Sirak, K, Connell, S, Stewardson, K, Harney, E, Fu, Q, Gonzalez-Fortes, G, Jones, ER, Roodenberg, SA, Lengyel, G, Bocquentin, F, Gasparian, B, Monge, JM, Gregg, M, Eshed, V, Mizrahi, AS, Meiklejohn, C, Gerritsen, F, Bejenaru, L, Blüher, M, Campbell, A, Cavalleri, G, Comas, D, Froguel, P, Gilbert, E, Kerr, SM, Kovacs, P, Krause, J, McGettigan, D, Merrigan, M, Merriwether, DA, O'Reilly, S, Richards, MB, Semino, O, Shamoon-Pour, M, Stefanescu, G, Stumvoll, M, Tönjes, A, Torroni, A, Wilson, JF, Yengo, L, Hovhannisyan, NA, Patterson, N, Pinhasi, R & Reich, D 2016, 'Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East', Nature, vol. 536, no. 7617, pp. 419-424. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19310

TY - JOUR

T1 - Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East

AU - Lazaridis, Iosif

AU - Nadel, Dani

AU - Rollefson, Gary

AU - Merrett, Deborah C.

AU - Rohland, Nadin

AU - Mallick, Swapan

AU - Fernandes, Daniel

AU - Novak, Mario

AU - Gamarra, Beatriz

AU - Sirak, Kendra

AU - Connell, Sarah

AU - Stewardson, Kristin

AU - Harney, Eadaoin

AU - Fu, Qiaomei

AU - Gonzalez-Fortes, Gloria

AU - Jones, Eppie R.

AU - Roodenberg, Songül Alpaslan

AU - Lengyel, György

AU - Bocquentin, Fanny

AU - Gasparian, Boris

AU - Monge, Janet M.

AU - Gregg, Michael

AU - Eshed, Vered

AU - Mizrahi, Ahuva Sivan

AU - Meiklejohn, Christopher

AU - Gerritsen, Fokke

AU - Bejenaru, Luminita

AU - Blüher, Matthias

AU - Campbell, Archie

AU - Cavalleri, Gianpiero

AU - Comas, David

AU - Froguel, Philippe

AU - Gilbert, Edmund

AU - Kerr, Shona M.

AU - Kovacs, Peter

AU - Krause, Johannes

AU - McGettigan, Darren

AU - Merrigan, Michael

AU - Merriwether, D. Andrew

AU - O'Reilly, Seamus

AU - Richards, Martin B.

AU - Semino, Ornella

AU - Shamoon-Pour, Michel

AU - Stefanescu, Gheorghe

AU - Stumvoll, Michael

AU - Tönjes, Anke

AU - Torroni, Antonio

AU - Wilson, James F.

AU - Yengo, Loic

AU - Hovhannisyan, Nelli A.

AU - Patterson, Nick

AU - Pinhasi, Ron

AU - Reich, David

PY - 2016/8/25

Y1 - 2016/8/25

N2 - We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ∼12,000 and 1,400BC, from Natufian hunter-gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a 'Basal Eurasian' lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages before their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter-gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter-gatherers of Europe to greatly reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those of Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia.

AB - We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ∼12,000 and 1,400BC, from Natufian hunter-gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a 'Basal Eurasian' lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages before their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter-gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter-gatherers of Europe to greatly reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those of Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia.

KW - Archaeology

KW - Genetic variation

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84984999386&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/nature19310

DO - 10.1038/nature19310

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84984999386

VL - 536

SP - 419

EP - 424

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

SN - 0028-0836

IS - 7617

ER -

Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East

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Martin Richards

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Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East

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