TY - JOUR
T1 - Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease in adults, 1990–2023, and its attributable risk factors
T2 - a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
AU - GBD 2023 Chronic Kidney Disease Collaborators
AU - Mark, Patrick B.
AU - Stafford, Lauryn K.
AU - Grams, Morgan E.
AU - Aalruz, Hasan
AU - Abd ElHafeez, Samar
AU - Abdelgalil, Ahmed Abdelrahman
AU - Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi
AU - Abeywickrama, Hansani Madushika
AU - Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola
AU - Abramov, Dmitry
AU - Abrar, Mohammed Mehdi
AU - Abreu, Lucas Guimarães
AU - Abubakar, Bilyaminu
AU - Aburuz, Salahdein
AU - Addo, Isaac Yeboah
AU - Adegboye, Oyelola A.
AU - Adegoke, Nurudeen A.
AU - Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther
AU - Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
AU - Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
AU - Ahmad, Sajjad
AU - Ahmad, Khabir
AU - Ahmadi, Ali
AU - Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud
AU - Ahmed, Ayman
AU - Ahmed, Aram Mahmood
AU - Ahmed, Nesredin
AU - Ahmed, Shahzaib
AU - Ahmed, Syed Anees
AU - Ajami, Marjan
AU - Akbari, Mohammadreza
AU - Akeju, Oluwasefunmi
AU - Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed
AU - Al Awaidy, Salah
AU - Al Hamad, Hanadi
AU - Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz
AU - Al Thaher, Yazan
AU - Al-Aly, Ziyad
AU - Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y.
AU - Albashtawy, Mohammed
AU - Aleidi, Shereen M.
AU - Alfalki, Ali M.
AU - Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji
AU - Alhasan, Khalid A.
AU - Ali, Endale Alemayehu
AU - Ali, Rafat
AU - Do, Thao Huynh Phuong
AU - Hamza, Mohammad
AU - Mamun, Abdullah A.
AU - Simkhada, Padam Prasad
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
PY - 2025/11/22
Y1 - 2025/11/22
N2 - Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common and ranks among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. This analysis aimed to present global CKD estimates using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 to inform evidence-based policies for CKD identification and treatment. Methods This analysis focused on adults aged 20 years and older over the period 1990 to 2023, from 204 countries and territories. Data sources used were published literature, vital registration systems, kidney failure treatment registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden, including deaths, incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool. A comparative risk assessment approach estimated the proportion of cardiovascular deaths attributable to impaired kidney function and estimated risk factors for CKD. Findings Globally, in 2023, 788 million (95% uncertainty interval 743–843) people aged 20 years and older were estimated to have CKD, up from 378 million (354–407) in 1990. The global age-standardised prevalence of CKD in adults was 14·2% (13·4–15·2), a relative rise of 3·5% (2·7–4·1) from 1990. The region with the highest age-standardised prevalence was north Africa and the Middle East (18·0%; 16·9–19·4). Most people had stage 1–3 CKD, with a combined prevalence of 13·9% (13·1–15·0). In 2023, CKD was the ninth leading cause of death globally, accounting for 1·48 million (1·30–1·65) deaths, and the 12th leading cause of DALYs, with an age-standardised DALY rate of 769·2 (691·8–857·4) per 100 000. Impaired kidney function as a risk factor accounted for 11·5% (8·4–14·5) of cardiovascular deaths. High fasting plasma glucose, body-mass index, and systolic blood pressure were all leading risk factors for CKD DALYs. Interpretation CKD is a major global health issue, with rising prevalence and increasing importance as a cause of death and as a risk factor for cardiovascular death. A better understating of aetiology, appropriate screening, and implementation programmes are needed to translate advances in CKD treatment into improved patient outcomes. Funding Gates Foundation, Wellcome, US National Kidney Foundation, and US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
AB - Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common and ranks among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. This analysis aimed to present global CKD estimates using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 to inform evidence-based policies for CKD identification and treatment. Methods This analysis focused on adults aged 20 years and older over the period 1990 to 2023, from 204 countries and territories. Data sources used were published literature, vital registration systems, kidney failure treatment registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden, including deaths, incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool. A comparative risk assessment approach estimated the proportion of cardiovascular deaths attributable to impaired kidney function and estimated risk factors for CKD. Findings Globally, in 2023, 788 million (95% uncertainty interval 743–843) people aged 20 years and older were estimated to have CKD, up from 378 million (354–407) in 1990. The global age-standardised prevalence of CKD in adults was 14·2% (13·4–15·2), a relative rise of 3·5% (2·7–4·1) from 1990. The region with the highest age-standardised prevalence was north Africa and the Middle East (18·0%; 16·9–19·4). Most people had stage 1–3 CKD, with a combined prevalence of 13·9% (13·1–15·0). In 2023, CKD was the ninth leading cause of death globally, accounting for 1·48 million (1·30–1·65) deaths, and the 12th leading cause of DALYs, with an age-standardised DALY rate of 769·2 (691·8–857·4) per 100 000. Impaired kidney function as a risk factor accounted for 11·5% (8·4–14·5) of cardiovascular deaths. High fasting plasma glucose, body-mass index, and systolic blood pressure were all leading risk factors for CKD DALYs. Interpretation CKD is a major global health issue, with rising prevalence and increasing importance as a cause of death and as a risk factor for cardiovascular death. A better understating of aetiology, appropriate screening, and implementation programmes are needed to translate advances in CKD treatment into improved patient outcomes. Funding Gates Foundation, Wellcome, US National Kidney Foundation, and US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
KW - Adult
KW - Aged
KW - Bayes Theorem
KW - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW - Disability-Adjusted Life Years
KW - Female
KW - Global Burden of Disease
KW - Global Health
KW - Humans
KW - Incidence
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Prevalence
KW - Renal Insufficiency
KW - Chronic
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Young Adult
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105022717627
U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01853-7
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01853-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 41213283
AN - SCOPUS:105022717627
SN - 0140-6736
VL - 406
SP - 2461
EP - 2482
JO - The Lancet
JF - The Lancet
IS - 10518
ER -
