Green Communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Triangle Metric Based Multi-Layered Routing Protocol

Ahmad M. Khasawneh; Omprakash Kaiwartya; Jaime Lloret; Hayfa Y. Abuaddous; Laith Abualigah; Mohammad Al Shinwan; Mahmoud Ahmad Al-Khasawneh; Marwan Mahmoud; Rupak Kharel

doi:10.3390/s20247278

Green Communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Triangle Metric Based Multi-Layered Routing Protocol

Ahmad M. Khasawneh, Omprakash Kaiwartya, Jaime Lloret, Hayfa Y. Abuaddous, Laith Abualigah, Mohammad Al Shinwan, Mahmoud Ahmad Al-Khasawneh, Marwan Mahmoud, Rupak Kharel

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a non-localization routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), namely, the triangle metric based multi-layered routing protocol (TM2RP). The main idea of the proposed TM2RP is to utilize supernodes along with depth information and residual energy to balance the energy consumption between sensors. Moreover, TM2RP is the first multi-layered and multi-metric pressure routing protocol that considers link quality with residual energy to improve the selection of next forwarding nodes with more reliable and energy-efficient links. The aqua-sim package based on the ns-2 simulator was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed TM2RP. The obtained results were compared to other similar methods such as depth based routing (DBR) and multi-layered routing protocol (MRP). Simulation results showed that the proposed protocol (TM2RP) obtained better outcomes in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay.

Original language	English
Article number	7278
Number of pages	23
Journal	Sensors (Switzerland)
Volume	20
Issue number	24
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247278
Publication status	Published - 18 Dec 2020
Externally published	Yes

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10.3390/s20247278Licence: CC BY

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@article{3bd265e57d434e3cab8205308f8a8c1e,

title = "Green Communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Triangle Metric Based Multi-Layered Routing Protocol",

abstract = "In this paper, we propose a non-localization routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), namely, the triangle metric based multi-layered routing protocol (TM2RP). The main idea of the proposed TM2RP is to utilize supernodes along with depth information and residual energy to balance the energy consumption between sensors. Moreover, TM2RP is the first multi-layered and multi-metric pressure routing protocol that considers link quality with residual energy to improve the selection of next forwarding nodes with more reliable and energy-efficient links. The aqua-sim package based on the ns-2 simulator was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed TM2RP. The obtained results were compared to other similar methods such as depth based routing (DBR) and multi-layered routing protocol (MRP). Simulation results showed that the proposed protocol (TM2RP) obtained better outcomes in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay.",

keywords = "Link quality, Pressure sensors, Residual energy, Sink node, Supernodes, Triangle metric, Underwater wireless sensor network",

author = "Khasawneh, {Ahmad M.} and Omprakash Kaiwartya and Jaime Lloret and Abuaddous, {Hayfa Y.} and Laith Abualigah and {Al Shinwan}, Mohammad and Al-Khasawneh, {Mahmoud Ahmad} and Marwan Mahmoud and Rupak Kharel",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (grant no. DF-524-156-1441). Funding Information: Acknowledgments: This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (under grant no. DF-524-156-1441). The authors, therefore, gratefully acknowledge DSR for the technical and financial support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2020",

month = dec,

day = "18",

doi = "10.3390/s20247278",

language = "English",

volume = "20",

journal = "Sensors",

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T1 - Green Communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

T2 - Triangle Metric Based Multi-Layered Routing Protocol

AU - Khasawneh, Ahmad M.

AU - Kaiwartya, Omprakash

AU - Lloret, Jaime

AU - Abuaddous, Hayfa Y.

AU - Abualigah, Laith

AU - Al Shinwan, Mohammad

AU - Al-Khasawneh, Mahmoud Ahmad

AU - Mahmoud, Marwan

AU - Kharel, Rupak

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (grant no. DF-524-156-1441). Funding Information: Acknowledgments: This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (under grant no. DF-524-156-1441). The authors, therefore, gratefully acknowledge DSR for the technical and financial support. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2020/12/18

Y1 - 2020/12/18

N2 - In this paper, we propose a non-localization routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), namely, the triangle metric based multi-layered routing protocol (TM2RP). The main idea of the proposed TM2RP is to utilize supernodes along with depth information and residual energy to balance the energy consumption between sensors. Moreover, TM2RP is the first multi-layered and multi-metric pressure routing protocol that considers link quality with residual energy to improve the selection of next forwarding nodes with more reliable and energy-efficient links. The aqua-sim package based on the ns-2 simulator was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed TM2RP. The obtained results were compared to other similar methods such as depth based routing (DBR) and multi-layered routing protocol (MRP). Simulation results showed that the proposed protocol (TM2RP) obtained better outcomes in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay.

AB - In this paper, we propose a non-localization routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), namely, the triangle metric based multi-layered routing protocol (TM2RP). The main idea of the proposed TM2RP is to utilize supernodes along with depth information and residual energy to balance the energy consumption between sensors. Moreover, TM2RP is the first multi-layered and multi-metric pressure routing protocol that considers link quality with residual energy to improve the selection of next forwarding nodes with more reliable and energy-efficient links. The aqua-sim package based on the ns-2 simulator was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed TM2RP. The obtained results were compared to other similar methods such as depth based routing (DBR) and multi-layered routing protocol (MRP). Simulation results showed that the proposed protocol (TM2RP) obtained better outcomes in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay.

KW - Link quality

KW - Pressure sensors

KW - Residual energy

KW - Sink node

KW - Supernodes

KW - Triangle metric

KW - Underwater wireless sensor network

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Green Communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Triangle Metric Based Multi-Layered Routing Protocol

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