Half-sandwich ruthenium, rhodium and iridium complexes featuring oxime ligands: Structural studies and preliminary investigation of in vitro and in vivo anti-tumour activities

Narasinga Rao Palepu, Sanjay Adhikari, Richard Premkumar J, Akalesh K. Verma, Samantha L. Shepherd, Roger M. Phillips, Werner Kaminsky, Mohan Rao Kollipara

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19 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Half-sandwich ruthenium, rhodium and iridium complexes (1-12) were synthesized with aldoxime (L1), ketoxime (L2) and amidoxime (L3) ligands. Ligands have the general formula [PyC(R)NOH], where R = H (L1), R = CH3 (L2) and R = NH2 (L3). Reaction of [((arene)MCl2)2] (arene = p-cymene, benzene, Cp*; M = Ru, Rh, Ir) with ligands L1-L3 in 1:2 metal precursor-to-ligand ratio yielded complexes such as [((arene)MLκ2 (N∩N)Cl)]PF6. All the ligands act as bidentate chelating nitrogen donors in κ2 (N∩N) fashion while forming complexes. In vitro anti-tumour activity of complexes 2 and 10 against HT-29 (human colorectal cancer), BE (human colorectal cancer) and MIA PaCa-2 (human pancreatic cancer) cell lines and non-cancer cell line ARPE-19 (human retinal epithelial cells) revealed a comparable activity although complex 2 demonstrated greater selectivity for MIA PaCa-2 cells than cisplatin. Further studies demonstrated that complexes 3, 6, 9 and 12 induced significant apoptosis in Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DL) cells. In vivo anti-tumour activity of complex 2 on DL-bearing mice revealed a statistically significant anti-tumour activity (P = 0.0052). Complexes 1-12 exhibit HOMO-LUMO energy gaps from 3.31 to 3.68 eV. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations explain the nature of electronic transitions and were in good agreement with experiments.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere3640
Pages (from-to)1-10
Number of pages10
JournalApplied Organometallic Chemistry
Volume31
Issue number7
Early online date11 Oct 2016
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2017

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