Is there a role for integrating spirituality into substance use disorder treatment?

As a single cause for substance use disorder [SUD] is yet to be identified, no one treatment plan is likely to be successful. The problems arising from SUD are complex, with biological, social, psychological and spiritual crises being contributory factors. Holistic care, which addresses all these factors, is paramount to improve clinical outcomes for service users. However, the dimension of spirituality is frequently omitted from patients’ holistic care.

Aim
To explore the evidence for integrating spirituality into substance use disorder treatment.

Methods
This literature review utilised a systematic approach to critically appraise and analyse whether there is a role for integrating spirituality into SUD treatment. Seven electronic databases were searched, eight articles were identified.

Findings
There is evidence to support integrating spirituality into the management of service users with SUD with spirituality contributing to both a reduction in, and abstinence from, alcohol and drug use. Many service users find spirituality meaningful and welcome the idea of spirituality being included in their SUD treatment. Spirituality is perceived differently by people and can depend on factors like gender, race, faith and cultural backgrounds. A holistic patient-centred approach is paramount, but clinicians’ lack of knowledge of spirituality is a barrier to incorporating spirituality into SUD treatment.