Latest advances and comparative analysis of MXenes as anode and cathode electrodes in secondary batteries

MXenes, the two-dimensional derivative of the MAX phases, have attracted the interest of the community due to their unique materials properties. The field of MXenes for energy storage applications has expanded significantly in the past few years and, in particular, since the beginning of 2021. In the present comprehensive review, we focus on the advances over the past two years in the use of MXenes for anodes and cathodes in batteries. We consider both experimental and theoretical studies and, as design criteria focus mainly on the surface migration energy barrier, the specific capacity, and the rate capability.