TY - JOUR
T1 - Life-cycle assessment of the environmental impact of the batteries used in pure electric passenger cars
AU - Shu, Xiong
AU - Guo, Yingfu
AU - Yang, Wenxian
AU - Wei, Kexiang
AU - Zhu, Guanghui
N1 - Funding Information:
The work reported in this paper is supported by the Hunan Province Science and Technology Innovation Program, China (Grant Nos. 2017XK2303 and 2019JJ50099 ), the Research Foundation of Education Department of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 18B389 ), and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vehicle Power and Transmission System, China (Grant No. VPTS202006 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2021/11/1
Y1 - 2021/11/1
N2 - The use of electric vehicles is for reducing carbon emissions, thereby reducing environmental pollution caused by transportation. However, the large-scale production and application of electric vehicle batteries have brought another notable issue, i.e., the production and application of these batteries also cause environmental pollution. Particularly, the precious metal materials used in the batteries are harmful to human health and the surrounding ecological system. Nowadays, many types of batteries are available. It is essential to understand which of them is most suitable for electric vehicles from the perspective of environmental protection. To answer this question, the life cycle environmental impact assessment of LiFePO 4 battery and Li(NiCoMn)O2 battery, which are being popularly used in pure electric passenger vehicles, are conducted in this paper. The research has shown that the two types of batteries show different environmental impact features in different phases. For example, LiFePO 4 batteries are more environmentally friendly in the phase of production, while Li(NiCoMn)O2 batteries are more eco-friendly in the application and transportation phases. Despite this, LiFePO 4 batteries are generally more environmentally friendly than Li(NiCoMn)O2 batteries from the perspective of the entire life cycle. In addition, the research results also suggest that due to the heavier mass, LiFePO 4 batteries can probably gain more benefit when used for energy storage.
AB - The use of electric vehicles is for reducing carbon emissions, thereby reducing environmental pollution caused by transportation. However, the large-scale production and application of electric vehicle batteries have brought another notable issue, i.e., the production and application of these batteries also cause environmental pollution. Particularly, the precious metal materials used in the batteries are harmful to human health and the surrounding ecological system. Nowadays, many types of batteries are available. It is essential to understand which of them is most suitable for electric vehicles from the perspective of environmental protection. To answer this question, the life cycle environmental impact assessment of LiFePO 4 battery and Li(NiCoMn)O2 battery, which are being popularly used in pure electric passenger vehicles, are conducted in this paper. The research has shown that the two types of batteries show different environmental impact features in different phases. For example, LiFePO 4 batteries are more environmentally friendly in the phase of production, while Li(NiCoMn)O2 batteries are more eco-friendly in the application and transportation phases. Despite this, LiFePO 4 batteries are generally more environmentally friendly than Li(NiCoMn)O2 batteries from the perspective of the entire life cycle. In addition, the research results also suggest that due to the heavier mass, LiFePO 4 batteries can probably gain more benefit when used for energy storage.
KW - Ecosystem
KW - Electric vehicle
KW - Life cycle assessment
KW - Lithium-ion power battery
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105698402&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.04.038
DO - 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.04.038
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85105698402
VL - 7
SP - 2302
EP - 2315
JO - Energy Reports
JF - Energy Reports
SN - 2352-4847
ER -
