TY - JOUR
T1 - LiNEV
T2 - Visible Light Networking for Connected Vehicles
AU - Saied, Osama
AU - Kaiwartya, Omprakash
AU - Aljaidi, Mohammad
AU - Kumar, Sushil
AU - Mahmud, Mufti
AU - Kharel, Rupak
AU - Al-Sallami, Farah
AU - Tsimenidis, Charalampos C.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research is funded by the QR-Fund of the B11 Unit of Assessment, Computing and Informatics Research Center, Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, UK.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/8/11
Y1 - 2023/8/11
N2 - DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) has been introduced to visible light networking framework for connected vehicles (LiNEV) systems as a modulation and multiplexing scheme. This is to overcome the light-emitting diode (LED) bandwidth limitation, as well as to reduce the inter-symbol interference caused by the multipath road fading. Due to the implementation of the inverse fast Fourier transform, DC-OFDM suffers from its large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which degrades the performance in LiNEV systems, as the LEDs used in the vehicles’ headlights have a limited optical power-current linear range. To tackle this issue, discrete Fourier transform spread-optical pulse amplitude modulation (DFTS-OPAM) has been proposed as an alternative modulation scheme for LiNEV systems instead of DCO-OFDM. In this paper, we investigate the system performance of both schemes considering the light-emitting diode linear dynamic range and LED 3 dB modulation bandwidth limitations. The simulation results indicate that DCO-OFDM has a 9 dB higher PAPR value compared with DFTS-OPAM. Additionally, it is demonstrated that DCO-OFDM requires an LED with a linear range that is twice the one required by DFTS-OPAM for the same high quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) order. Furthermore, the findings illustrate that when the signal bandwidth of both schemes significantly exceeds the LED modulation bandwidth, DCO-OFDM outperforms DFTS-OPAM, as it requires a lower signal-to-noise ratio at a high QAM order.
AB - DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) has been introduced to visible light networking framework for connected vehicles (LiNEV) systems as a modulation and multiplexing scheme. This is to overcome the light-emitting diode (LED) bandwidth limitation, as well as to reduce the inter-symbol interference caused by the multipath road fading. Due to the implementation of the inverse fast Fourier transform, DC-OFDM suffers from its large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which degrades the performance in LiNEV systems, as the LEDs used in the vehicles’ headlights have a limited optical power-current linear range. To tackle this issue, discrete Fourier transform spread-optical pulse amplitude modulation (DFTS-OPAM) has been proposed as an alternative modulation scheme for LiNEV systems instead of DCO-OFDM. In this paper, we investigate the system performance of both schemes considering the light-emitting diode linear dynamic range and LED 3 dB modulation bandwidth limitations. The simulation results indicate that DCO-OFDM has a 9 dB higher PAPR value compared with DFTS-OPAM. Additionally, it is demonstrated that DCO-OFDM requires an LED with a linear range that is twice the one required by DFTS-OPAM for the same high quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) order. Furthermore, the findings illustrate that when the signal bandwidth of both schemes significantly exceeds the LED modulation bandwidth, DCO-OFDM outperforms DFTS-OPAM, as it requires a lower signal-to-noise ratio at a high QAM order.
KW - DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
KW - DFT spread-optical pulse amplitude modulation
KW - light-emitting diode dynamic range
KW - light-emitting diode limited bandwidth
KW - peak-to-average power ratio
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85168881151&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/photonics10080925
DO - 10.3390/photonics10080925
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85168881151
VL - 10
JO - Photonics
JF - Photonics
SN - 2304-6732
IS - 8
M1 - 925
ER -
