TY - JOUR
T1 - Metapocket
T2 - A Tri-Band Flexible Metasurface for Smartphone Antenna Performance Enhancement
AU - Zhai, Menglin
AU - Tian, Wandai
AU - Pei, Rui
AU - Xu, Chen
AU - Leach, Mark
AU - Lim, Eng Gee
AU - Wang, Zhao
AU - Wang, Jingchen
AU - Hua, Qiang
AU - Akinsolu, Mobayode O.
AU - Liu, Bo
AU - Huang, Yi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2002-2011 IEEE.
PY - 2025/5/28
Y1 - 2025/5/28
N2 - In this paper, a flexible tri-band reflective metasurface, the metapocket, is presented to work with smartphone antennas to enhance its realized gain, and radiation efficiency and reduce its Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Considering the limitation of the on-body scenario, the metasurface unit cell number is considered as a variable, and an artificial intelligence-driven method (the self-adaptive Bayesian neural network surrogate-model-assisted differential evolution for antenna optimization (SB-SADEA)) is applied to achieve the optimal performance. The designed reflection phase operates at 2.33-2.44 GHz (WIFI band), 3.39-3.56 GHz (5G N77 band) and 5.05-5.39 GHz (WLAN band). Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate is utilized for good flexibility and biocompatibility. A state-of-the-art 5G smartphone (VIVO IQOO) is employed in both simulation and measurement. In free space, realized gain enhancement by 4.23, 4.67, 5.8 dB are achieved, radiation efficiency enhancement by 16.6%, 11.5%, 12.1% are achieved, respectively. Furthermore, calculated SAR reduction by 90.2%, 88.9%, 89.9% are achieved. All results verify that the proposed tri-band metapocket is of significant value to smartphone antenna performance in an on-body scenario.
AB - In this paper, a flexible tri-band reflective metasurface, the metapocket, is presented to work with smartphone antennas to enhance its realized gain, and radiation efficiency and reduce its Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Considering the limitation of the on-body scenario, the metasurface unit cell number is considered as a variable, and an artificial intelligence-driven method (the self-adaptive Bayesian neural network surrogate-model-assisted differential evolution for antenna optimization (SB-SADEA)) is applied to achieve the optimal performance. The designed reflection phase operates at 2.33-2.44 GHz (WIFI band), 3.39-3.56 GHz (5G N77 band) and 5.05-5.39 GHz (WLAN band). Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate is utilized for good flexibility and biocompatibility. A state-of-the-art 5G smartphone (VIVO IQOO) is employed in both simulation and measurement. In free space, realized gain enhancement by 4.23, 4.67, 5.8 dB are achieved, radiation efficiency enhancement by 16.6%, 11.5%, 12.1% are achieved, respectively. Furthermore, calculated SAR reduction by 90.2%, 88.9%, 89.9% are achieved. All results verify that the proposed tri-band metapocket is of significant value to smartphone antenna performance in an on-body scenario.
KW - Gain-enhancement
KW - radiation efficiency
KW - SAR reduction
KW - smartphone antenna
KW - tri-band metapocket
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105006567216&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3574643
DO - 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3574643
M3 - Article
JO - IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
JF - IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
SN - 1536-1225
M1 - 11017356
ER -