TY - JOUR
T1 - Metapocket
T2 - A Tri-Band Flexible Metasurface for Smartphone Antenna Performance Enhancement
AU - Zhai, Menglin
AU - Tian, Wandai
AU - Pei, Rui
AU - Xu, Chen
AU - Leach, Mark
AU - Lim, Eng Gee
AU - Wang, Zhao
AU - Wang, Jingchen
AU - Hua, Qiang
AU - Akinsolu, Mobayode O.
AU - Liu, Bo
AU - Huang, Yi
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant 24ZR1403100, in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2232022D-29, in part by Shanghai Sailing Program under Grant 22YF1401000, and in part by XJTLU AI University Research Centre, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Data Science and Cognitive Computation at XJTLU and SIP AI innovation platform, under Grant YZCXPT2022103. The authors would like to thank CST AG for providing the CST Studio Suite Electromagnetic Simulation Software package under the China Key University Promotion Program.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2002-2011 IEEE.
PY - 2025/9/8
Y1 - 2025/9/8
N2 - In this letter, a flexible tri-band reflective metasurface, the metapocket, is presented to work with smartphone antennas to enhance its realized gain and radiation efficiency and reduce its specific absorption rate (SAR). Considering the limitation of the on-body scenario, the metasurface unit cell number is considered as a variable, and an artificial intelligence-driven method [the self-adaptive Bayesian neural network surrogate-model-assisted differential evolution for antenna optimization (SB-SADEA)] is applied to achieve the optimal performance. The designed reflection phase operates at 2.33 GHz to 2.44 GHz (Wi-Fi band), 3.39 GHz to 3.56 GHz (5G N77 band), and 5.05 GHz to 5.39 GHz (WLAN band). Polydimethylsiloxane substrate is utilized for good flexibility and biocompatibility. A state-of-the-art 5G smartphone (VIVO IQOO) is employed in both simulation and measurement. In free space, realized gain enhancement by 4.23 dB, 4.67 dB, and 5.8 dB is achieved, and radiation efficiency enhancement by 16.6%, 11.5%, and 12.1% is achieved, respectively. Furthermore, calculated SAR reduction by 90.2%, 88.9%, and 89.9% is achieved. All results verify that the proposed tri-band metapocket is of significant value to smartphone antenna performance in an on-body scenario.
AB - In this letter, a flexible tri-band reflective metasurface, the metapocket, is presented to work with smartphone antennas to enhance its realized gain and radiation efficiency and reduce its specific absorption rate (SAR). Considering the limitation of the on-body scenario, the metasurface unit cell number is considered as a variable, and an artificial intelligence-driven method [the self-adaptive Bayesian neural network surrogate-model-assisted differential evolution for antenna optimization (SB-SADEA)] is applied to achieve the optimal performance. The designed reflection phase operates at 2.33 GHz to 2.44 GHz (Wi-Fi band), 3.39 GHz to 3.56 GHz (5G N77 band), and 5.05 GHz to 5.39 GHz (WLAN band). Polydimethylsiloxane substrate is utilized for good flexibility and biocompatibility. A state-of-the-art 5G smartphone (VIVO IQOO) is employed in both simulation and measurement. In free space, realized gain enhancement by 4.23 dB, 4.67 dB, and 5.8 dB is achieved, and radiation efficiency enhancement by 16.6%, 11.5%, and 12.1% is achieved, respectively. Furthermore, calculated SAR reduction by 90.2%, 88.9%, and 89.9% is achieved. All results verify that the proposed tri-band metapocket is of significant value to smartphone antenna performance in an on-body scenario.
KW - Gain-enhancement
KW - radiation efficiency
KW - specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction
KW - smartphone antenna
KW - tri-band metapocket
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105006567216
U2 - 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3574643
DO - 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3574643
M3 - Article
SN - 1536-1225
VL - 24
SP - 2819
EP - 2823
JO - IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
JF - IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
IS - 9
M1 - 11017356
ER -
