Non-linearity and Dynamic Range Compressors

After equalization and reverb, dynamic range compression is perhaps the most discussed and debated music production process. It can be used during tracking, mixing, and mastering for many technical and creative reasons. This chapter explores four popular compressors that use optical, valve, FET and VCA designs; the compressors are the LA2A, Fairchild, 1176 and dbx165. It details the essential electronic components and aspects of their design that create their unique sonic signatures. With a focus on non-linearity, this study shows how a compressor can impart distortion onto program material and provides measurements and low-level audio features to illustrate the non-linear sonic signature of these seminal compression devices. The chapter will provide professionals and academics with a strong understanding of how these compressors have helped shape the non-linear soundscape of music production.