TY - JOUR
T1 - Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of Croton bonplandianus leaves extract
T2 - In-vivo and in-silico approach
AU - Javed, Erum
AU - Khan, Humaira Majeed
AU - Shahzad, Qumar
AU - Shahzad, Yasser
AU - Yasin, Hina
AU - Ul-Haq, Zaheer
AU - Manzoor, Mobina
AU - Ghori, Muhammad Usman
AU - Alanazi, Amer
AU - Khan, Azmat Ali
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by Researchers Supporting Project, KING SAUD UNIVERSITY, RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA , grant number RSP2023R339 . Authors would like to thanks Lahore College for Women University for providing facilities to conduct this research.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/12/1
Y1 - 2023/12/1
N2 - Croton bonplandianus, a natural source traditionally used for treating various illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis, was evaluated in this study. The effects of ethanolic extracts (CBEE) and aqueous fractions (CBAF) of C. bonplandianus leaves on arthritis-induced inflammation were studied using an albino rat model of inflammation induced by Freund's complete adjuvant. Eight test groups (n = 5 per group) and one vehicle control were used to evaluate the antiarthritic effects of different doses of CBEE and CBAF (125 mg.kg−1, 250 mg.kg−1, and 500 mg.kg−1) on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 compared to arthritic and vehicle controls. Arthritis severity was assessed using macroscopic arthritis grading, histological analysis, body weights, and paw thickness. CBEE and CBAF were found to reduce the prevalence of arthritis, increase body weight, and decrease paw inflammation compared to the vehicle control group by the 23rd day. In addition, they showed no effect on biochemical parameters, but a significant difference (p < 0.05) in hematological parameters compared to the arthritic control group. The study identified Hentriacontane compound as a potential contributor to the anti-inflammatory effect of C. bonplandianus, as it showed the lowest dock score for IL-1β and IL-6. Palmitoylethanol amide was identified as a potential contributor to the anti-inflammatory effect of TNF-α. Gene expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was down-regulated significantly (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner in all treatment groups compared to the arthritic control group. In conclusion, this study validated the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties of CBEE and CBAF in a time and dose-dependent manner.
AB - Croton bonplandianus, a natural source traditionally used for treating various illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis, was evaluated in this study. The effects of ethanolic extracts (CBEE) and aqueous fractions (CBAF) of C. bonplandianus leaves on arthritis-induced inflammation were studied using an albino rat model of inflammation induced by Freund's complete adjuvant. Eight test groups (n = 5 per group) and one vehicle control were used to evaluate the antiarthritic effects of different doses of CBEE and CBAF (125 mg.kg−1, 250 mg.kg−1, and 500 mg.kg−1) on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 compared to arthritic and vehicle controls. Arthritis severity was assessed using macroscopic arthritis grading, histological analysis, body weights, and paw thickness. CBEE and CBAF were found to reduce the prevalence of arthritis, increase body weight, and decrease paw inflammation compared to the vehicle control group by the 23rd day. In addition, they showed no effect on biochemical parameters, but a significant difference (p < 0.05) in hematological parameters compared to the arthritic control group. The study identified Hentriacontane compound as a potential contributor to the anti-inflammatory effect of C. bonplandianus, as it showed the lowest dock score for IL-1β and IL-6. Palmitoylethanol amide was identified as a potential contributor to the anti-inflammatory effect of TNF-α. Gene expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was down-regulated significantly (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner in all treatment groups compared to the arthritic control group. In conclusion, this study validated the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties of CBEE and CBAF in a time and dose-dependent manner.
KW - Aqueous fractions
KW - Croton bonplandianus
KW - Ethanolic extracts
KW - GC–MS
KW - Inflammation
KW - Rheumatoid Arthritis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85180473583&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101860
DO - 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101860
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85180473583
VL - 31
JO - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
JF - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
SN - 1319-0164
IS - 12
M1 - 101860
ER -