TY - JOUR
T1 - Poultry Litter Gasification in a Fluidized Bed Reactor
T2 - Effects of Gasifying Agent and Limestone Addition
AU - Pandey, Daya Shankar
AU - Kwapinska, Marzena
AU - Gómez-Barea, Alberto
AU - Horvat, Alen
AU - Fryda, Lydia E.
AU - Rabou, Luc P.L.M.
AU - Leahy, James J.
AU - Kwapinski, Witold
PY - 2016/4/21
Y1 - 2016/4/21
N2 - Air and air-steam gasification of poultry litter was experimentally studied in a laboratory scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier at atmospheric pressure using silica sand as the bed material. The effects of equivalence ratio (ER), gasifier temperature, steam-to-biomass ratio (SBR), and addition of limestone blended with the poultry litter, on product gas species yields and process efficiency, are discussed. The optimum conditions (maximum carbon conversion, gas yield, heating value, and cold gas efficiency) were achieved at an ER 0.25 and 800 °C, using air (SBR = 0) and poultry litter blended with 8% w/w limestone, yielding a product gas with a lower heating value (LHV) of 4.52 MJ/Nm3 and an average product gas composition (dry basis) of H2: 10.78%, CO: 9.38%, CH4: 2.61, and CO2: 13.13. Under these optimum processing conditions, the cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency, and hydrogen conversion efficiency were 89, 73, and 43% respectively. The reported NH3 measurement at an ER of 0.28 and 750 °C is 2.7% (equivalent to 19,300 mg/Nm3) with 14.7 mg/Nm3 of HCl observed as the dry product gas. High temperature and steam injection favor production of CO and H2, while their effect on CH4 was almost negligible. It is demonstrated that poultry litter can be gasified by blending with limestone, making it possible to overcome the fluidization problems caused by the mineral composition of poultry litter ash (high K and P content), yielding a gas with a similar heating value compared to gasifying without limestone addition, but with a significantly lower tar content.
AB - Air and air-steam gasification of poultry litter was experimentally studied in a laboratory scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier at atmospheric pressure using silica sand as the bed material. The effects of equivalence ratio (ER), gasifier temperature, steam-to-biomass ratio (SBR), and addition of limestone blended with the poultry litter, on product gas species yields and process efficiency, are discussed. The optimum conditions (maximum carbon conversion, gas yield, heating value, and cold gas efficiency) were achieved at an ER 0.25 and 800 °C, using air (SBR = 0) and poultry litter blended with 8% w/w limestone, yielding a product gas with a lower heating value (LHV) of 4.52 MJ/Nm3 and an average product gas composition (dry basis) of H2: 10.78%, CO: 9.38%, CH4: 2.61, and CO2: 13.13. Under these optimum processing conditions, the cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency, and hydrogen conversion efficiency were 89, 73, and 43% respectively. The reported NH3 measurement at an ER of 0.28 and 750 °C is 2.7% (equivalent to 19,300 mg/Nm3) with 14.7 mg/Nm3 of HCl observed as the dry product gas. High temperature and steam injection favor production of CO and H2, while their effect on CH4 was almost negligible. It is demonstrated that poultry litter can be gasified by blending with limestone, making it possible to overcome the fluidization problems caused by the mineral composition of poultry litter ash (high K and P content), yielding a gas with a similar heating value compared to gasifying without limestone addition, but with a significantly lower tar content.
KW - Atmospheric pressure
KW - Blending
KW - Calorific value
KW - Carbon dioxide
KW - Chemical reactors
KW - Conversion efficiency
KW - Efficiency
KW - Fluid catalytic cracking
KW - Fluidization
KW - Gases
KW - Gasification
KW - Limestone
KW - Silica sand
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84966389630&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00058
DO - 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00058
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84966389630
VL - 30
SP - 3085
EP - 3096
JO - Energy & Fuels
JF - Energy & Fuels
SN - 0887-0624
IS - 4
ER -