@article{20668aea4f5d4c8c927e5a364f518c55,
title = "Solving the Waxy Crude Oil Pipeline Flow Restart Problem Numerically in non-isothermal Condition from the Perspective of Engineering",
abstract = "For maintenance, emergency, or other reasons, pipeline flow can stop. In the development of startup models, the heat diffusion between oil and the surrounding region has not always been considered. Here we establish a numerical restart model for buried pipelines consisting of a new simplified oil heat-transfer model and a cold oil-displacement-flow model considering oil heat diffusion to low-temperature soil and temperature gradients in the axial direction. In addition, we present our studies on the effects of axial-mesh size, timestep, different boundary conditions of the pipe wall, and shutdown in different seasons.",
keywords = "waxy crude oil, displacement flow, soil temperature field, heat diffusion, engineering application",
author = "Junjie Gao and Chen Lei and Liu Gang and Shuyi Ren and Cheng Chen and Ruiyu Xu and John Chai",
note = "Funding Information: Support is acknowledged from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51574274, Grant No. 51774315, and Grant No. 51704319), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 18CX06041A), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2016M602225). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Society of Petroleum Engineers. Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2019",
month = aug,
day = "1",
doi = "10.2118/195692-PA",
language = "English",
volume = "34",
pages = "647--666",
journal = "SPE Production and Operations",
issn = "1930-1855",
publisher = "Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)",
number = "3",
}