The Development and Validation of the Creep Damage Constitutive Equations for P91 Alloy

This paper presents research on the validation of a set of creep damage constitutive equations for P91 alloy under multi-axial states of stress, and its applicability under lower stress level. Creep damage is one of the serious problems for the high temperature industries and computational creep damage has been developed and used, complementary to the experimental approach, to assist safe operation. In creep damage mechanics, a set of constitutive equations needs to be developed and validated. Recently, a mechanism-based approach for the developing creep damage constitutive equation for this type of high Cr alloy has merged and several versions of creep damage constitutive equations have been proposed. However, so far, they are limited to uni-axial case under medium to high stress level. In fact, multi-axial states of stress and lower stress level are more pertinent to the real industrial applications. That is the objective of this research. This paper contributes to the methodology and specific knowledge