@article{a6457ad8d370492183596c494fc511b7,
title = "The Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation, Alcohol Reduction, Diet and Physical Activity Interventions in Improving Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses",
abstract = "Diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol behaviour-change interventions delivered in pregnancy aim to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review reports a synthesis of evidence from meta-analyses on the effectiveness of interventions at reducing risk of adverse health outcomes. Sixty-five systematic reviews (63 diet and physical activity; 2 smoking) reporting 602 meta-analyses, published since 2011, were identified; no data were identified for alcohol interventions. A wide range of outcomes were reported, including gestational weight gain, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes (GDM) and fetal growth. There was consistent evidence from diet and physical activity interventions for a significantly reduced mean gestational weight gain (ranging from −0.21 kg (95% confidence interval −0.34, −0.08) to −5.77 kg (95% CI −9.34, −2.21). There was evidence from larger diet and physical activity meta-analyses for a significant reduction in postnatal weight retention, caesarean delivery, preeclampsia, hypertension, GDM and preterm delivery, and for smoking interventions to significantly increase birth weight. There was no statistically significant evidence of interventions having an effect on low or high birthweight, neonatal intensive care unit admission, Apgar score or mortality outcomes. Priority areas for future research to capitalise on pregnancy as an opportunity to improve the lifelong wellbeing of women and their children are highlighted",
keywords = "systematic review, intervention, pregnancy, smoking, alcohol, diet, physical activity, Intervention, Physical activity, Alcohol, Systematic review, Pregnancy, Diet, Smoking",
author = "Louise Hayes and Catherine McParlin and {Beretta De Azevedo}, Liane and Dan Jones and James Newham and Joan Olajide and Louise McLeman and Nicola Heslehurst",
note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by funding from Fuse, the Centre for Translational Research in Public Health (www.fuse.ac.uk, accessed on 22 March 2021). The Fuse grant holder is Ashley Adamson, the funder grant reference number is: MR/K02325X/1. Fuse is a UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Funding for Fuse from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, National Institute of Health Research, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, Health and Social Care Research and Development Office, Northern Ireland, National Institute for Social Care and Health Research (Welsh Assembly Government) and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UKCRC, is gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent those of the funders or UKCRC. Funding Information: organisations, research councils or national public health/health service agencies). Authors of five systematic reviews reported potential conflicts of interest, with one reporting smoking-cessation interventions [91] (Table S19a), three reporting diet and/or physical activity interventions [29,34,60] (Table S19b) and one reporting diet-only interventions [65] physical activity interventions [29,34,60] (Table S19b) and one reporting diet-only inter- systematic review [29,34,60,91]. Three reported receiving funding from related pharmaceutical, diagnostic or food industries for activities that were unrelated to the systematic reviews [34,60,91]. One reported that the authors were employees of a research laboratory funded by the food industry [65]. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = mar,
day = "23",
doi = "10.3390/nu13031036",
language = "English",
volume = "13",
journal = "Nutrients",
issn = "2072-6643",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "3",
}