TY - JOUR
T1 - The initial peopling of the Americas
T2 - A growing number of founding mitochondrial genomes from Beringia
AU - Perego, Ugo A.
AU - Angerhofer, Norman
AU - Pala, Maria
AU - Olivieri, Anna
AU - Lancioni, Hovirag
AU - Kashani, Baharak Hooshiar
AU - Carossa, Valeria
AU - Ekins, Jayne E.
AU - Gómez-Carballa, Alberto
AU - Huber, Gabriela
AU - Zimmermann, Bettina
AU - Corach, Daniel
AU - Babudri, Nora
AU - Panara, Fausto
AU - Myres, Natalie M.
AU - Parson, Walther
AU - Semino, Ornella
AU - Salas, Antonio
AU - Woodward, Scott R.
AU - Achilli, Alessandro
AU - Torroni, Antonio
PY - 2010/9/1
Y1 - 2010/9/1
N2 - Pan-American mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup C1 has been recently subdivided into three branches, two of which (C1b and C1c) are characterized by ages and geographical distributions that are indicative of an early arrival from Beringia with Paleo-Indians. In contrast, the estimated ages of C1d - the third subset of C1 - looked too young to fit the above scenario. To define the origin of this enigmatic C1 branch, we completely sequenced 63 C1d mitochondrial genomes from a wide range of geographically diverse, mixed, and indigenous American populations. The revised phylogeny not only brings the age of C1d within the range of that of its two sister clades, but reveals that there were two C1d founder genomes for Paleo-Indians. Thus, the recognized maternal founding lineages of Native Americans are at least 15, indicating that the overall number of Beringian or Asian founder mitochondrial genomes will probably increase extensively when all Native American haplogroups reach the same level of phylogenetic and genomic resolution as obtained here for C1d.
AB - Pan-American mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup C1 has been recently subdivided into three branches, two of which (C1b and C1c) are characterized by ages and geographical distributions that are indicative of an early arrival from Beringia with Paleo-Indians. In contrast, the estimated ages of C1d - the third subset of C1 - looked too young to fit the above scenario. To define the origin of this enigmatic C1 branch, we completely sequenced 63 C1d mitochondrial genomes from a wide range of geographically diverse, mixed, and indigenous American populations. The revised phylogeny not only brings the age of C1d within the range of that of its two sister clades, but reveals that there were two C1d founder genomes for Paleo-Indians. Thus, the recognized maternal founding lineages of Native Americans are at least 15, indicating that the overall number of Beringian or Asian founder mitochondrial genomes will probably increase extensively when all Native American haplogroups reach the same level of phylogenetic and genomic resolution as obtained here for C1d.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77956276607&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1101/gr.109231.110
DO - 10.1101/gr.109231.110
M3 - Article
C2 - 20587512
AN - SCOPUS:77956276607
VL - 20
SP - 1174
EP - 1179
JO - Genome Research
JF - Genome Research
SN - 1088-9051
IS - 9
ER -