TY - JOUR
T1 - Tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)polysulfone-methylene quaternary phosphonium chloride (TPQPCl)ionomer chemically modified electrodes
T2 - An electroanalytical study towards sensing applications
AU - Jones, Thomas R.
AU - Hernandez-Aldave, Sandra
AU - Kaspar, Robert B.
AU - Letterio, Michael P.
AU - Yan, Yushan
AU - Bertoncello, Paolo
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) , grant EP/L013797/1 . We are grateful to Dr. Daniel Johnson (Swansea University) for the AFM images. TRJ and SHA gratefully acknowledge financial support for their PhD scholarship through a Doctoral Training Account funded by the EPSRC (TRJ), and a Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarship (KESS2) under the Welsh Government's European Social Fund (ESF) convergence programme for West Wales and the Valleys (SHA).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/7/10
Y1 - 2019/7/10
N2 - We report for the first time the redox properties of an anion-exchange ionomer membrane, tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)polysulfone-methylene quaternary phosphonium chloride (TPQPCl). TPQPCl was solubilized in ethanol/water solutions and films of TPQPCl at different concentrations were drop casted on glassy carbon electrodes. The thickness of TPQPCl films in dry conditions was evaluated using profilometer. The anion-exchange properties and charge transport properties of TPQPCl coated electrodes were investigated using K4Fe(CN)6 as anionic redox probe. The permselectivity properties of TPQPCl coated electrodes were assessed using hexaammine ruthenium(II)chloride. Cyclic voltammetry performed at low scan rate was utilized to determine the concentration of the redox mediator inside the films, with the apparent diffusion coefficient values of different TPQPCl coating estimated using both the Randles-Sevcik equation and the Anson's method. We found the concentration of the ferro/ferricyanide couple redox within the TPQPCl films in the order of 10−2-10−1 mol dm−3, with values of Dapp in the order of 10−9 cm2 s−1. TPQPCl drop casted films evidenced good preconcentration capabilities towards incorporation of anions. To ascertain the suitability of the ionomer coated films towards the electroanalytical detection of anions, TPQPCl coated electrodes were utilized for the voltammetric detection of nitrites in tap and river waters. The results showed that TPQPCl coated electrodes are suitable to quantify nitrites in fresh waters with a limit of detection, LoD, of 1.07 μM, sensitivity as 0.267 μA μM−1 cm−2 and linear range between 1 μM and 500 μM.
AB - We report for the first time the redox properties of an anion-exchange ionomer membrane, tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)polysulfone-methylene quaternary phosphonium chloride (TPQPCl). TPQPCl was solubilized in ethanol/water solutions and films of TPQPCl at different concentrations were drop casted on glassy carbon electrodes. The thickness of TPQPCl films in dry conditions was evaluated using profilometer. The anion-exchange properties and charge transport properties of TPQPCl coated electrodes were investigated using K4Fe(CN)6 as anionic redox probe. The permselectivity properties of TPQPCl coated electrodes were assessed using hexaammine ruthenium(II)chloride. Cyclic voltammetry performed at low scan rate was utilized to determine the concentration of the redox mediator inside the films, with the apparent diffusion coefficient values of different TPQPCl coating estimated using both the Randles-Sevcik equation and the Anson's method. We found the concentration of the ferro/ferricyanide couple redox within the TPQPCl films in the order of 10−2-10−1 mol dm−3, with values of Dapp in the order of 10−9 cm2 s−1. TPQPCl drop casted films evidenced good preconcentration capabilities towards incorporation of anions. To ascertain the suitability of the ionomer coated films towards the electroanalytical detection of anions, TPQPCl coated electrodes were utilized for the voltammetric detection of nitrites in tap and river waters. The results showed that TPQPCl coated electrodes are suitable to quantify nitrites in fresh waters with a limit of detection, LoD, of 1.07 μM, sensitivity as 0.267 μA μM−1 cm−2 and linear range between 1 μM and 500 μM.
KW - Anion exchange membranes
KW - Chemically modified electrodes
KW - Ionomer
KW - Nitrites
KW - Sensors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065487183&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.089
DO - 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.089
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85065487183
VL - 311
SP - 160
EP - 169
JO - Electrochimica Acta
JF - Electrochimica Acta
SN - 0013-4686
ER -