Skip to main navigation Skip to search Skip to main content

The potential contribution of community pharmacists to suicide prevention efforts in Nigeria

  • Somto Chike-Obuekwe

Student thesis: Doctoral Thesis

Abstract

Suicide is a public health issue. Suicide prevention in Nigeria is viewed as a low-priority issue, perhaps due to underreporting associated with stigma and limited awareness. Community pharmacists in Nigeria are among the most trusted and accessible healthcare professionals for the general population, placing them in a unique position to engage with a diverse range of individuals, including those at high risk of suicide. However, their role in suicide prevention efforts remains underutilised. The aim of this research was to explore the perceived role and potential contributions of community pharmacists in suicide prevention efforts in Nigeria, drawing insights from global key informants and the knowledge and attitudes of practising Nigerian community pharmacists towards suicide prevention efforts. The research programme utilised a mixed method approach for data collection, consisting of two interrelated studies carried out in two phases. A one-to-one semi-structured online interview was employed in phase 1 to explore the perceptions of global key informants of incorporating suicide prevention efforts in Nigeria. Twenty-two global key informants were interviewed, and inductive thematic analysis was undertaken. The findings in Phase 1 supported a need for community pharmacists in suicide prevention efforts through their easy accessibility to the public. Key informants also identified their potential roles in restricting access to means and referrals, with education, training, and remuneration recognised as essential facilitators. Nonetheless, stigma and limited support and guidance were identified as barriers to incorporating suicide prevention efforts into community pharmacy practice in Nigeria. The responses from Phase 1 informed the development of statements used in Phase 2. Phase 2 was a two-round online Delphi study to explore consensus among practising community pharmacists in Nigeria about their potential roles in suicide prevention efforts. The statements were classified into six topics: (i) the role of community pharmacists in suicide prevention efforts, (ii) restricting access to means, (iii) community pharmacy set-up, (iv) referrals, (v) education and training, and (vi) remuneration. Upon completing the two rounds, consensus was reached on 27 of the 29 statements, with agreement percentages varying from 71% to 100%, exceeding the predetermined threshold of 70%. Similar to the perspectives of key informants in Phase 1, community pharmacists agreed to a potential role in suicide prevention efforts. However, barriers such as time constraints and a busy work environment, noted by key informants, were not perceived as barriers by community pharmacists in Nigeria. Additionally, community pharmacists agreed that remuneration, education, and training are important factors for successfully integrating suicide prevention into community pharmacy practice. In conclusion, community pharmacists were recognised to have a potential role in suicide prevention in Nigeria, particularly given their accessibility to the general population. Furthermore, findings from both studies highlighted that community pharmacists could act as critical links to other healthcare professionals through referral. Additionally, their role as medication gatekeepers was acknowledged, emphasising their potential contribution to restricting access to suicide means.
Date of Award21 Oct 2025
Original languageEnglish
SupervisorNicola Gray (Main Supervisor) & Barbara Conway (Co-Supervisor)

Cite this

'