This thesis investigates the impact of the socially constructed concept of "Happily Ever After" (HEA), as portrayed in heteronormative fictional media, on LGBTQ+ individuals. Drawing from a framework that integrates Social Constructionism, Symbolic Interactionism and Queer Theory, the study explores how social norms and media representations shape LGBTQ+ identities, expectations and lived experiences. Using a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight LGBTQ+ participants aged 18–30. Thematic analysis revealed three key findings: participants' redefinition of HEA, the dual role of media in perpetuating and challenging heteronormative ideals and the societal pressures LGBTQ+ individuals face in navigating heteronormativity. Participants described a HEA as a personal journey focused on stability and self-acceptance rather than traditional milestones such as marriage and children. While some contemporary media portrayals were celebrated for their inclusivity, traditional narratives were critiqued for their exclusionary focus on cisgender, heterosexual relationships. This research contributes to queer theory by highlighting the negotiation of identity and cultural norms, emphasising LGBTQ+ individuals' resilience in redefining societal constructs. It underscores the importance of systemic reforms in media and societal structures to foster inclusivity and improve representation. By addressing gaps in the literature, the study advocates for the need to reimagine HEA narratives to reflect diverse pathways to happiness. This study concludes by emphasising the transformative potential of inclusive narratives, urging media creators and policymakers to prioritise equity and authenticity in cultural storytelling. The findings call for further research on intersectionality within LGBTQ+ experiences, global media representations and long-term societal changes. This work serves as a call to action to dismantle heteronormativity and celebrate the diversity of human experiences in both fictional media and broader society.
| Date of Award | 6 Jun 2025 |
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| Original language | English |
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| Supervisor | Christopher Cameron (Main Supervisor), Jamie Halsall (Co-Supervisor) & Robin Kiteley (Co-Supervisor) |
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